The example of the bouncing ball is used to study projectile motion in mechanics. It was more reliable to use the middle three results as it automatically discounted any anomalies; assuming two similar anomalies were recorded for one height, if they were then they both would be discounted. Adapted from Plangenhoef, Patterns of Human Motion. The experiment was conducted as the method (below) states. This would allow one to find the terminal velocity of the ball. By the time the ball comes briefly to a stop, most of its missing energy has been stored in its dented surface. Your assistant will record the bounce. As it falls, the ball converts energy stored in the force of gravitygravitational potential energyinto energy of motionkinetic energy. This would provide evidence on how the height from which the ball is dropped from affects the height to which it bounces without air resistance. WebPhysics Lab 1 - Bouncing Ball - Hardik December 2019 PDF Bookmark This document was uploaded by user and they confirmed that they have the permission to share it. Now is the time to pull together what happened, and assess the experiments you did. The answer lies in how far the ball has dented inward due to its collision with the floor. Either the coefficient to restitution that was worked out is incorrect, which would mean that the first three results are inaccurate or subsequent results were inaccurate. The total energy of the system remains the same; the potential energy changes to kinetic energy, but no energy is lost. Here, the motion of a real bouncing ball is shown. For the lowest three points air resistance is approximately equal to zero due to the ball having a low velocity, as it was dropped from a low height, and therefore hits less air particles per second than a ball traveling at a faster speed. The energy that the ball hits the floor with is kinetic energy. Report DMCA Overview You will then take your bounces and their respective time intervals to a spread sheet. WebVariables. KE = 1/2mv where m = mass and v = velocity, 1/2mv = mhg - thermal energy (lost as a result of drag). You will next need to record your bounces and their respective times. As the ball flattening upon impact with the floor is not visible as it happens so quickly it would be almost impossible to measure the size of the ball on impact with the floor. The force that causes a ball to bounce is the reaction force described by Newton's third law of motion. To do that use the scroll button to start, then use arrow keys to move your wave 0.1 second left or right. A decrease in h1, assuming g and m stay constant, results in a decrease in m g h1which results in a decrease in GPE. Our dependent variable was. Air density will not change enough to affect the flight of the ball seeing as all the results will be collected during a brief period on one day. Use a uniform surface to drop the ball onto. No, as the acceleration is not proportional to the displacement. The format you use to write your bibliography may look like this: Are you ready for more advanced ball drop projects? 1. As the ball falls through the air, the Law of Conservation of Energy is in effect and states that energy is neither gained nor lost, only transferred from one form to another. A totally accurate experiment would have a variation between results equal to zero however an experiment that is totally accurate needs to be conducted under conditions where air pressure and temperature remained constant, error produced by the ball falling on different parts of the linoleum floor tile (which was not totally even and thus produces inaccurate results) and human error removed by dropping the ball onto a uniform surface and using machinery to record the height to which the ball bounced to. WebThere are many different variables that would affect the bounce height of a ball. You are NOT going to perform this experiment. Also it shows inaccuracies in the experiment as it shows that heights were recorded that exceeded the height that the ball would have reached had it been dropped in a vacuum. 8. Temperature will not affect the balls bounce either as the experiment will be conducted at room temperature, thus not allowing the floor to get cold and in doing so alter its affect upon the ball on impact. This will hopefully discount any anomalies automatically and leave us with three accurate and reliable results. It shows that heights were recorded that exceeded the height that the ball would have reached had it been dropped in a vacuum. During the preliminary experiment it was established that time was not an important factor that had to be taken into account when deciding how many different heights to drop the ball from and the interval between those heights. If you have any questions or need more support about this project, click on the Ask Question button on the top of this page to send me a message. This also proves the accuracy of the experiment. Therefore the ball goes higher. Find out about the physics of a dropped ball. The difference between the predicted height and the actual height will provide evidence as to how air resistance affects the flight of the ball. Changes in the area of linoleum floor tile that the ball collided with may have affected the height to which it bounced to thus producing variation between results. The mass of the ball will affect the height the ball bounces to because it affects the balls starting energy. If you choose to study on the effect of air pressure inside the ball, your variables will be defined like this: Independent variable (also known as manipulated variable) is the balls air pressure. As drag is a squared function, proportional to the square of the velocity, it is impossible to calculate the velocity that the ball hits the floor at. When you drop a ball from a greater height, it has more kinetic energy just before it hits the floor and stores more energy during the bounceit dents farther as it comes to a stop. Everything you need for your studies in one place. will be from the bottom of the ball as it hits the floor to the bottom of the ball at the top of its arc after bouncing. If the common ratio of the sequence is between 0 and 1, then the term r would approach zero. You As gravity remains the same the amount of work acting on the ball remains the same (apart from slightly more air resistance due to the ball travelling faster and so hitting more air particles per second, but the effect of this is negligible) and the ball travels further before stopping. Controlled Variables: Bouncy ball used, surface bounced off of, technique in which ball was dropped (initial height was measured from base of ball). WebControl Variable: Simple Definition. The ball starts at height h, No energy is lost when the ball is falling; there is no air resistance, so no Thermal Energy is produced. 7. There you will find helpful links that describe different types of science projects, scientific method, variables, hypothesis, graph, abstract and all other general basics that you need to know. As there is more KE, more energy is converted into elastic potential energy, As there is more elastic potential energy, more energy is converted back into KE energy. Our lab group was able to determine the relationship between drop height and bounce height. After the ball reaches terminal velocity, no more GPE is converted into KE is the ball cannot get any faster. Conveniently enough, this fraction of returned energy is nearly independent of how much energy the ball had to begin with. This can be in the form of a table of processed numerical data, or graphs. Keep track of where you got your information from. What does the motion of a bouncing ball look like? Nie wieder prokastinieren mit unseren Lernerinnerungen. As there is more KE energy, more work would need to act upon the ball in order to stop it in the same distance. When you think you know what variables may be involved, think about ways to change one at a time. In my science fair experiment, the golf ball overall was the ball that bounced the highest. The drag force increases as the ball goes faster. Summarize what happened. Dropping a ball from different heights Dropping a ball from different heights could affect There are three types of variables: Controlled Variables: You can have as many controlled variables as you like. (Their ideas might include surface texture, colour, size, what its made of, squashiness, opacity, weight, air pockets, temperature, cost, shininess/dullness, hardness/softness, age, layers of materials.) We felt the magic immediately. An experiment has several types of variables, including a control variable (sometimes called a controlled variable). It is from calculations using recorded data that tables and graphs are made. Questions lead to more questions, which lead to additional hypothesis that need to be tested. A thrown or batted ball may travel faster than the terminal speed, but it will experience a large drag force from the air which is greater than its weight. Studying tables and graphs, we can see trends that tell us how different variables cause our observations. Please note that many online stores for science supplies are managed by MiniScience. " Perform this test in a Gym or anywhere else where you have a hard surface and an accessible wall. The material ball is made from will affect the ball as if it is smooth then the drag will be significantly less than if it is rough. Working out the variation in results shows how accurate the experiment was. The push which the ball receives from the floor at the moment of impact causes it to bounce up from the surface. Vacuum pump, rigid plastic cylinder, two large rubber bungs to fit over the two ends of the plastic cylinder, table tennis ball, Two meter stick rulers. Summary of task. Therefore the height the ball bounces will be proportional to the height that the ball is dropped from up to a certain point, where the ball begins to show signs of reaching its terminal velocity before it reaches the ground. WebThe independent variables in the experiment are the heights that the balls are dropped from, the surface that the ball bounces on, the type of ball used, ball is dropped vertically, and that when dropping a ball no force is applied. These balls do not bounce as well as balls with high air pressure. Without a control you cannot be sure that changing the variable causes your observations. 3. Belowis the graph of h1against h2. Sometimes the designer of an experiment can miss the obvious. http://wings.avkids.com/Curriculums/Tennis/index.html. What are the variables in the ramp experiment? WebA bouncing ball in an ideal scenario will continue this oscillatory motion. What is the velocity of the ball at the point of maximum height? The maximum height will have to be less than two meters as that is the maximum height that the equipment allows. The ball is not performing a simple harmonic motion, as the acceleration is not proportional to the displacement from an equilibrium position. These inaccuracies could have been caused by external factors or parallax error even though efforts were made to avoid parallax error occurring - by dropping the ball one time that was not measured and placing a blob of blue tack onto the meter rule at the approximate height it bounced to. An alternative method would be the measuring person holding a video camera level with the approximate height that the ball reaches after bouncing and videoing the ball reach the top of its arc. The bouncing ball example is an example used to study, A bouncing ball in an ideal scenario will continue this oscillatory motion. 7. Kinetic energy means energy associated with motion. The process of obtaining information by using the senses is called a/an. Have all your study materials in one place. Advanced levels of experimental science rely heavily on graphical and mathematical analysis of data. You are now ready to enter your data on a spread sheet and get to work. Then when dropping the ball again eye level will be kept level with the blue tack thus avoiding parallax errors. Prior to the sample task, students investigated investigated forms of energy and energy transfers and transformations. WebOn the cardboard, mark the starting point, the point where the marble strikes the wood, and a point along the marble's path as it rolls away from the wood. (The upward direction was assumed to be positive in this example. This would eliminate parallax error further. Research questions therefore always refer to two variables, and the relationship between them. An investigation of the factors that influence the bounce height of a tennis ball when dropped onto the floor could consider the drop height and the type of surface the ball is dropped onto. The investigation could try to answer these research questions: Perform this test in a Gym or anywhere else where you have a hard surface and an accessible wall. The push that the ball receives from the floor at the moment of the impact causes it to bounce upwards. Specifically, you are tasked to determine: B.) This phenomenon is described by Newton's third law. Using the trends in your experimental data and your experimental observations, try to answer your original questions. The positive and negative directions must be stated in each example. Dependent Variable: The height of the bounce. This proves that the higher h1the more h2will differ from the height that the ball would have reached had it been dropped in a vacuum. This means it will be travelling the same speed when it hits the ground. Writing Quality. Procedure: One group member drops a tennis ball from a specific height, while the other group member notes how high the ball bounces. Then change the surface material by covering it with different material and repeat the test. This help to greatly increase the accuracy of the experiment. In this project we will try to find out what factors affect the bounce of a dropped ball. Click Create Assignment to assign this modality to your LMS. When dropped on a solid surface, not even a super ball bounces back as high as its initial height, but some balls do bounce a lot better than others. What type of motion does a bouncing ball experience? WebThis experiment,is an investigation into the maximum height of the bounce of a ping pong ball when it is first released.This is because of the unpredictability of the bounce not always reaching the same height.This we can assume their are many factors effecting the bounce of the ping pong ball.The following experiment will determine how different What principle describes the bouncing motion of a ball? Its a good idea to bounce it on a level surface, and dont release from too great a height, or while bouncing, the ball will wander away from the sound recorder range. These polymers are tangled together and stretch upon impact. Stop procrastinating with our smart planner features. A ball falls from a height of 6 metres. Method: To set up the Dependent variable is the height that the ball bounces. The ball pushes on the floor and the floor pushes back on the ball, causing it to rebound. StudySmarter is commited to creating, free, high quality explainations, opening education to all. Research questions pose a question about the As elasticity and hardness decreases, part of the ball energy will be used to permanently dent or misplace or vibrate the surface, so ball will have less energy to bounce. Variables Independent variable = drop height Dependent variable = bounce height Controlled variables = ball, surface, measuring tool. This is impossible. A series of experiments that includes a control is called a controlled experiment.. Earn points, unlock badges and level up while studying. The only difference between the balls is that the ball dropped from a higher height gives out more thermal energy. The Set individual study goals and earn points reaching them. Hypothesis: Based on your gathered information, make an educated Also the mass of the ball affects the chances of the ball reaching its terminal velocity. This would allow the actual coefficient to restitution to be calculated. Hence when a force is applied to a surface, it also applies a force equal in magnitude, but in the opposite direction. When the ball collides with the floor, the ball becomes deformed. Grades: Preschool and K-2 Length of Lesson: Approximately 45 minutes Related Video: The Hawk Factor episode Learning Goals: 2. You measure this response, or record data, in a table for this purpose. Measuring the height to which the ball bounced on subsequent bounces would be interesting, seeing if h. If the coefficient to restitution = 0.7, a ball dropping from h1in a vacuum would reach the height of 0.7 h1 after bouncing. For example this is a sample explanation. This would mean that one could re-examine the height to which it bounced to and find it exactly instead of having to make a split second judgement which is not half as accurate. This is also reflected in the velocity graph; the velocity is at its maximum at the minimum displacement and goes through zero at its maximum heights. GPE=Mass (kg) Gravitational Field Strength (N/Kg) Height (m). We also noted after we finished the experiment that the student taking measurements sometimes stood above the height when taking the measurement and sometimes kneeled on the floor so they had a different angle on the meter stick, which may have affected the measurement. By registering you get free access to our website and app (available on desktop AND mobile) which will help you to super-charge your learning process. Therefore the heavier the ball is, the faster its terminal velocity. it seems the ball is experiencing an oscillatory motion. These inaccuracies could have been caused by external factors or parallax error even though efforts were made to avoid parallax error occurring - by dropping the ball one time that was not measured and placing a blob of blue tack onto the meter rule at the approximate height it bounced to. As the ball has less KE and is travelling slower it becomes stationary faster at the top of its arc. This is why it h2will be from the bottom of the ball as it hits the floor to the bottom of the ball at the top of its arc after bouncing. WebBouncing balls. About a foot above the table top is plenty. For instance, air resistance would slow down the tennis ball much more when it is dropped from 100 m than when dropped from 1 m. This difference in impact speed would probably affect the bounce height. The only difference is that no experimental variables are changed. These two results were excluded when averages were being calculated and therefore the average variation between results used for calculating the average was even less than 3cm. Potential energy is the energy of position, and it depends on the mass of the ball and its height above the surface. WebBouncing Ball Experiment. 15 inches, and the golf ball bounced 26 inches. Use two people to measure the results; one person to drop the ball and one to measure the height to which it reaches after bouncing. In this experiment the only variable that we modify is the release height and we keep all other variables unchanged. Once the drag force equals the gravitational force all forces are equal and acceleration stops. The ball moves upwards, reaching stage 1, i.e., maximum height, and its velocity is momentarily zero. WebDrop the ball from the line between cinder blocks/bricks to make the measurements more accurate. Is your hypothesis correct? h2= The distance between the bottom of the ball at the top of its arc after bouncing and the ground. The higher the ball goes, the more GPE it ends up with. Test your knowledge with gamified quizzes. TurnItIn the anti-plagiarism experts are also used by: King's College London, Newcastle University, University of Bristol, University of Cambridge, WJEC, AQA, OCR and Edexcel, Business, Companies and Organisation, Activity, Height and Weight of Pupils and other Mayfield High School investigations, Lawrence Ferlinghetti: Two Scavengers in a Truck, Two Beautiful People in a Mercedes, Moniza Alvi: Presents from my Aunts in Pakistan, Changing Materials - The Earth and its Atmosphere, Fine Art, Design Studies, Art History, Crafts, European Languages, Literature and related subjects, Linguistics, Classics and related subjects, Structures, Objectives & External Influences, Global Interdependence & Economic Transition, Acquiring, Developing & Performance Skill, Sociological Differentiation & Stratification. As velocity increases air resistance increases in proportion to the square of the velocity. Changes in air pressure could have affected results as could changes in temperature however changes in these two factors would have been small; air pressure would not have changed enough to affect the results in the hour period in which the experiment was conducted, and although the rooms temperature may have increased by a degree or two, due to body heat, over the course of the period temperature was not a major factor that affected the height to which the ball bounced and would not have significantly affected the results. Create the most beautiful study materials using our templates. WebAll experimental investigations involve variables. What is the control variable in the bouncing ball experiment? For a dropped ball, the total mechanical energy is defined as the sum of its kinetic energy and its gravitational potential energy. List three. Make a step-by-step list of what you will do to answer each question. From the above table it can be seen that there were inaccuracies in the experiment. The decision for the size of interval and the amount of results collected will depend upon the time taken to conduct the experiment and any other factors that may become apparent during the preliminary experiment. The higher h1, the faster the velocity that the ball reaches. The reason for our error was that we thought that the tennis ball might be specially made to bounce to the same height. Even a specific ball may bounce different heights at different times or different locations. In this experiment there are FOUR VARIABLES. This means that the higher h1the more h2will differ from the height that the ball would have reached had it been dropped in a vacuum. So an imperfect ball loses some energy on each bounce. Material that you may test are: Carpet, Rubber matte, ply wood, sponge, Styrofoam, another ball, . If the ball is elastic in nature, the ball will quickly return to its original form and spring up from the floor. Aim:To find out what affects the height to which a ball bounces. The selection of balls for official games in most sports (esp. It pushes downward on the floor and the floor pushes upward on it. Because of these forces, both the ball and floor deform inward. Projectile motion is the motion of objects that are moving near the surface of the earth in a curved path due to the effect of gravity. These equations allow us to predict how a change will affect the system without the need to do additional experiments. Tape the ruler to the wall. Something about its situation then must determine its rebound, but what? As the ball is falling toward the ground its Kinetic Energy is increasing because its speed is increasing. You will need an assistant, so one person will drop the ball and the other person stands about 20 feet away and records how high it bounces. Why? While a value of 1 indicates a perfectly elastic collision, a value of 0 indicates a perfectly inelastic collision. This will mean that I will have to have the interval between the different heights from which the ball is dropped from less than 20cm, probably at 10cm. Thus a typical ball bounces to 60% of its original height because it stores and returns 60% of the energy it had before the bounce. A decrease in m, assuming g and h1stay constant, results in a decrease in m g h1which results A decrease in m, assuming g and h1stay constant, results in a decrease in m g h1which results in a decrease in GPE. 2. The control variable is not part of an experiment itselfit is neither the independent nor dependent variable but it is important because it can have an effect on the results. While these variables are not the Each of the following experiments tests a different hypothesis.
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