Unit 4 Summary. 3. \text{Checks} & \text{321} & \text{2$/ 2$} & \text{$\$ 4,700$}\\ If done correctly, it can even create a majority for a party that has a small minority. Bi-polar (Cold War era 1945-1990) state with more than one nation within its borders, nation that stretches across borders and across states. They also learn . The process by which districts are moved according to population shifts, so that each district encompasses approximately the same number of people. There are plenty of stateless nations in the world today. Subscribe to Heres the Deal, our politics A neighbor sells life insurance and wants you Download PDF. d. The deposit on 2/ 11 includes a customer's check for $200 that did not clear the bank (NSF check). b. process that incorporate lower levels of education, lowe salaries, and less technology; and generate less welth than core proccesses in the world-economy, places where core and periphery processes are both occurring; places that are exloited by the core but in turn exploit in periphery. The forces that divide the people of a state. Has a defined territory, a permanent population, a government, and is recognized by other states. OR Examples: United States, Russia, Brazil, Mexico. Vertical plane between states that cuts through the rocks below, and the airspace above the surface. It links or divides areas of voters with similar characteristics (race/ethnicity, socioeconomic, labor, religious, urban/suburban/rural, etc.). ~Spatial conflicts. I got a 100/100 on this set. By doing this, there would now be two conservative congress-people representing an area that is actually a majority liberal area. Invisible line that marks the extent of a state's territory. Jonathan Cervas, one of the experts who redrew the Virginia districts in 2019, said the aim was to rectify what a court had found was discrimination against Black voters. Officially, the term gerrymandering describes a process whereby states can redraw their congressional and legislative districts every 10 years, after each new census. Most definitions now tend to refer to a tightly knit group of people possessing bonds of language, ethnicity, religion, and other shared cultural attributes. 6. They brought together people with shared cultural characteristics within a single state. What factors need to be considered to draw and effective majority-minority district? The movement of power from the central government to regional (local) governments within the state. Example: Chile and Argentina, Conflict over the location or place of a boundary. Do minority legislators accomplish things that others could not have, or change the terms of debate in ways sympathetic majority representatives could not have? Example: Germany taking over France, Temporary periods of stability in how politics are conducted at the global scale. ~Incorporates higher levels of education, higher salaries, and more technology. \text{ } & \text{323} & \text{2$/ 12$} & \text{$2,500$}\\ NAFTA-Economic, Control of territory already occupied and organized by an indigenous society. But even after accounting for the federal rules, there are countless . "Who rules the World Island commands the World". Do you know how to answer the questions that cause some of the greatest grammar debates? A state that completely surrounds another state. State legislative and congressional redistricting after the 2020 census, Congressional district maps implemented after the 2020 census, Election results, 2022: Congressional margin of victory analysis, Election results, 2020: Congressional margin of victory analysis, Ballotpedia's Election Administration Legislation Tracker, Election legislation tracking: weekly digest, Election legislation tracking: list of sub-topics, Ken Carbullido, Vice President of Election Product and Technology Strategy, https://ballotpedia.org/wiki/index.php?title=Majority-minority_districts&oldid=9086185, Pages using DynamicPageList3 dplreplace parser function, Conflicts in school board elections, 2021-2022, Special Congressional elections (2023-2024), 2022 Congressional Competitiveness Report, State Executive Competitiveness Report, 2022, State Legislative Competitiveness Report, 2022, Partisanship in 2022 United States local elections. The process of placing a price on a good and then buying, selling and trading it, The idea that a state is tied to a particular territory with defined boundaries came out of Europe and diffused through: A majority-minority district is one in which a racial or ethnic minority makes up a large-enough share of the electorate to assure that the community has a reasonable chance to elect the candidate of their choice. Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act mandates that no "standard, practice, or procedure shall be imposed or applied by any State or political subdivision to deny or abridge the right of any citizen of the United States to vote on account of race or color." That strategy was reinforced by partisan politics. ~He states that a state requires nourishment in order to thrive just like an organism does. (ii) 6%? Would you consider purchasing a different type of life insurance policy? The chart below shows partisan bias in the South, from 1992 through 2000, using the efficiency gap: The same trend can be seen in the congressional maps of non-Southern states with majority-minority districts (again, using the efficiency gap). A territory legally attached to another territory with which it is not physically contiguous. Demarcate: make a physical boundary on the land For the current year, Patton Consulting Group acquired long-term available-for-sale securities at a $35,000 cost. \text{ } & \text{2$/ 11$} & \text{$2,300$}\\ Provide either an example or an explanation is the chart below. According to Jane Mansbridge, descriptive representation is necessary to improve the likelihood of substantive representation: representatives of different backgrounds are better able to substantially represent minorities.( representatives from different backgrounds are better able to bring minority perspective to policy-making and more likely to share policy-preferences with minority constituents.). We'll need to get creative, since it's in the minority. Cash receipts of$1,600 from 2/ 26-2/ 28 are outstanding. Define: through a legal document Republicans have been happy to draw districts with large numbers of Black voters because Black voters overwhelmingly favor Democrats. The black, Latino, and Asian representatives mostly were replacing white Democrats, and the increase in minority representation was coming at the expense of electing fewer Democrats. Key terms Cases to know Brown v. How do single district benefit minorities? An group composed of 3 or more states that forge an association and form an administrative structure for mutual benefit and in pursuit of shared goals For the districts themselves? Throughout the nineteenth-century in Europe, states used nationalism to achieve various goals. AP.GOPO: CON3.C.1 (EK) Google Classroom. In Wisconsin, Democratic Gov. In the Year 1 income statement, McKay should show warranty expense of: As a young, unmarried person, you are contemplating college next year and the pursuit of a professional degree that will take six years or more to complete . The effect was to pack Democrats into just a few districts and leave other parts of the state more safely Republican. See Full PDF. The following guide will be updated periodically with hyperlinks in excellent resources. 2536+5146. What are the policy effects of majority-minority districts? Physical regions are features such as deserts, mountains, and lakes. DETROIT (AP) Adam Hollier is a lieutenant in the Army Reserves, a paratrooper, Detroit native, a Democrat and a Black man. It was a win for African-American . The acqusiion of gold and silver and the maintenance of a favorable trade balance were central to to policy. Nonetheless, in commpn parlance, nation-state is used as a synonym for country or state. The world economy has a three-tier structure. When did legislatures actively begin to try to create Majority-Minority districts? Strickland, the Court's 5-4 conservative majority ruled that states could choose to draw minority "coalition districts" (in which a sub-50 percent minority can win with support from other groups), but that only true majority-minority seats would merit protection under Section 2 of the VRA. relating to a population in which more than half represent social, ethnic, or racial minorities, and in which fewer members of the more socially, politically, or financially dominant group are represented: Seriously, Democrats: Youre Done in Dixie. \text{ } & \text{Date} & \text{Amount}\\ ~Most pre-WWll European governments. Private colleges and universities report net assets with donor restrictions. AP Human Geography 320 resources . A state that has combination locks all over the and. A nation that does not have a state. 2. The actual number of ounces in a 1-gallon bottle of laundry detergent, incorporation of a territory into another geopolitical entity. Jamie Roe, a GOP consultant tracking the redistricting process, noted Michigan has had two majority-Black congressional districts since at least the 1960s whether drawn by legislators or courts. A sample of size 61 results in a sample mean of 75 and a standard deviation of 1.51.51.5. d) Based on the confidence interval, at =0.05can\alpha=0.05 \mathrm{can}=0.05can you reject H0\mathrm{H}_0H0 ? The number of Majority-Minority districts increased with the 1991 redistricting. Types of random variables. +514_6 \\ "The minority group must be able to demonstrate that it is sufficiently large and geographically compact to constitute a majority in a single-member district. But if you split the district through the black population, now you could have two districts with a majority of white conservative voters and minority black liberal voters. What are Section 2 claims? He's taught courses in World History, Political Science, Geography, and Public Speaking. But politics has changed dramatically since the law was passed in 1965. A geopolitical hypothesis, proposed by British geographer Halford Mackinder during the first two decades of the twentieth century, that any political power based in the heart of Eurasia could gain sufficient strength to eventually dominate the world. A majority-minority district is a district in which a racial minority group or groups comprise a majority of the district's total population. See the table below for further details.[15]. AP Human Geography AMSCO Vocabulary - Unit 4 Political Geography Using the Quizlet Vocabulary Link for Unit 4 Political Geography, review all the terms provided. Mackinder further proposed that since Eastern Europe controlled access to the Eurasian . In 1964, there were only about 300 black elected officials nationwide. Illinois' 4th District (2013-2023), for example, was mandated by a Federal court to be redrawn as a majority-minority district. Given that minority voters were the most reliably Democratic voters, that made all of the neighboring districts more Republican. Suppose a companys cash flow from assets is negative for a particular period. Justice William J. Brennan, Jr., wrote the majority opinion, which largely upheld the district court's original ruling. Control of the House of Delegates will come down to two other races that are in recounts. . On November I, 2018, Ybarra Construction Company issued $200,000 of 5-year bonds that pay interest at an annual rate of 5%. In North Carolina, a new GOP-approved map cut the share of Black voters in Democratic Rep. G.K Butterfields district from 45% to 38%. There are grammar debates that never die; and the ones highlighted in the questions in this quiz are sure to rile everyone up once again. Most definitions now tend to refer to a tightly knit group of people possessing bonds of language, ethnicity, religion, and other shared cultural attributes. We can be more competitive around the country.. At the end of the five-year period, Ybarra must pay the bond holders a balloon payment of$200,000. California had 43 such districts, more than any other state. But Republicans and others, including the states civil rights director, predict legal troubles ahead. process by which geopoliticians deconstruct and focus on explaining the underlying spatial assumptions and territorial perspectives of politicians, World order in which one state is in a position of dominance with allies following rather than joining the political decision-making process. The following provides information from the company's cash ledger for the month ending February 28, 2018. The table below provides demographic data about each majority-minority district in the United States as of 2013. Prepare the necessary year-end adjusting entry related to these securities. No voting qualification or prerequisite to voting, or standard, practice, or procedure shall be imposed or applied by any State or political subdivision to deny or abridge the right of any citizen of the United States to vote on account of race or color. As those loans have dried up, the average price that buyers in majority-minority neighborhoods can offer has fallen precipitously. a venture involving three or more nation-states involving formal political, economic, and/or cultural cooperation to promote shared objectives. Oscar's Red Carpet Store maintains a checking account with Academy Bank. Essentially, it refers to a people without a state. Example: Spanish colonialism in the west. judge timothy kenny political affiliation. Examples: Sub-Saharan Africa, Iraq, Honduras, ~Places where core and periphery processes are both occurring. Both are Democrats. ~Generate less wealth in the world economy . ". DETROIT (AP) Adam Hollier is a lieutenant in the Army Reserves, a paratrooper, Detroit native, a Democrat and a Black man. Given the persistent patterns of racial bloc voting in the South, the destruction of majority-minority districts, whether at the congressional or state and local levels, would inevitable lead to a decline in the number of minority office holders. Majority-minority districts in Milwaukee account for five of the seven Black Assembly members, two of the four Hispanic Assembly members, and two of the three Black senators currently serving in the Legislature. Operations: Meghann Olshefski Mandy Morris Kelly Rindfleisch In AP Human Geography, unit 4 covers political geography. e. Check 323 was written for$2,800 for advertising in February. The steps (criteria) for establishing boundaries: 1. \end{matrix} \quad \begin{matrix} ~The first political geographer who studied these issues was the German professor Friedrich Ratzel. Home Flashcards About This increase is the direct result of the increase in majority-minority districts since passage of the Voting Rights Act in 1965. A country. For decades, the widely accepted strategy was to group together Black voters so they comprised a majority in a statehouse or congressional district. Although using the term "correctly" to describe something that intentionally deceives seems wrong in itself. This was the most recent data available as of September 2022. These disputes arise when the definition of the border is not questioned but the interpretation of the border is. a nation-state that has a centralized government and administration that exercises power equally over all parts of the state, a political territorial system wherein a central government represents the various entitie within a nation-state where they have common intrests- defense, foregin affirs, and the like- yet allows these various entities to retain their own identities and to have their own laws, policies, and customs in certain spheres, the process whereby regions within a state demand and gain political strength and growing autonomy at the expense of the central government, system wherein each representative is elected form a district, process by which representative districts are switched according to population shifts, so that each district encompasses approximately the same number of people, In the context of determining representative districts, the process by which the majority and minority populations are spread evenly across each of the districts to be created therein ensuring control by the majority of each of the districts; as opposed to the result of majority-minority districts, in the context of determaning representative districts, the proccess by which a majority of the population is from the minority, redistricting for advantage, or the practice of dividing areas into electoral districts to give one political party an electoral majority in a large number of districts while concentrating the voting strength of the opposition in as few districst as possible. [1] It can also be called "redistribution" and is used to prevent unbalance of population across districts. Predictably, the party in power - Democrat or Republican - seeks to draw those districts to favor its candidates. 253_{6} \\ Drawing electoral (voting) districts to benefit one political group over another. Here are some of the key takeaways: The AP HUG exam includes MCQs and FRQs. Districted systems can enhance minority power only if the minority is concentrated and fortunate to be in a single district. Create or preserve minority-majority district: To create a district favoring an ethnic group, or to accommodate surrounding minority-majority districts. Which describe discrete random variables? Ethnic nationalism may become a project promoted by governments when it serves the interest of the state; or, it may become a threat to the state for a variety of reasons. Ballotpedia will present a breakdown regarding majority-minority districts enacted after the 2020 census when that data is available. Examples: Brazil, Russia, ~Highly centralized government. What is a functional analysis, according to Gingles? By and large, Black people vote for Black people and white people vote for white people, Hollier said. 4, 5, 8, 10, 13, 26-49 Minority-serving hospitals . I get what Republicans have done, completely, but Im not willing to sacrifice Black representation and brown representation, Im just not, said Sen. Lena Taylor, one of two African American Democrats in the Wisconsin state Senate, who voted against her partys map. Consolidated stockholders equity is reduced by $340,000. Explain how each account used in part 1 is reported in the financial statements. 3. Treaties contained new languages recognizing statehood and nationhood, clearly defined borders and guarantees of security. Learn more about Friends of the NewsHour. What are the electoral effects of majority-minority districts? Information about the partisan affiliation of each district's representative dates to 2015. Geography frustrates that aspiration, Johnson says, even though the Milwaukee metropolitan area's Hispanic population grew by 24 . In other words, the requirement would give black voters one representative of their choice rather than two. Administrate: determine how the boundary will be maintained and how goods and people will cross the border, ~Political boundary defined and delimited as a straight line or an arc. What role do local intermediaries play in helping an outsider complete a project. On February 24, Titanic paid$6,250 ($6,000 borrowed amount plus$250 interest) directly to Academy Bank in payment for January's borrowing. Black legislators make up less than 10% of state legislators in the U.S., although 14.2% of the population is Black, according to the National Conference of State Legislatures. ~Belgium Using data provided in the United States Census Bureau's 2021 American Community Survey and based on districts enacted after the 2010 census, the United States was home to 138 congressional majority-minority districts. As you are reviewing for this unit, focus on the important concepts! [12][13][14], On June 30, 1986, the high court ruled unanimously in Thornburg v. Gingles that five of the aforementioned six districts "discriminated against blacks by diluting the power of their collective vote." Race is collected through the decennial United States census. Increasing competition is one of the goals of Michigans commission, which voters created in 2018 after decades of partisan gerrymandering controlled by Republicans. A state that requires a key to get into. As a consequence, it has a neighborhood-level spatial structure, presenting a geography which can be examined in maps of cities across the country. Record the necessary cash adjustments. David Eggert, Associated Press That principle was enshrined in the federal Voting Rights Act, which requires the creation of districts with a majority or plurality of Black or other minority racial or ethnic group voters in places where the white population has a history of preventing them from electing their chosen representatives. For the purposes of this article, a majority-minority district is defined as any district in which a minority group or collection of minority groups comprise a simple majority of the district's population. processes that incorporate higher levels of education, higher salaries, and more technology; generate more wealth than periphery processes in the world economy. A majority-minority district is one in which a racial or language minority group comprises a voting majority. \end{array} answer choices. BEfore that, some majority-minority district existed, but out of geographical happenstance (not intentionally). Now, only 18 of the 53 members of the Congressional Black Caucus were elected in districts that are majority African American. Districts in the table below reflect the 118th Congress.[1]. But Black and Latino Democrats objected to the commissions maps because they would scatter minority voters across several districts. majority/minority districts in the context of determining representative districts, the process by which a majority of the population is from the minority; less than 50% white in race manifest destiny a future event accepted as inevitable median-line principle One of these reasons is ethnic separatism. In the context of political power, the capacity of a state to influence other states or achieve its goals through diplomatic, economic, and militaristic means. "Who rules the Heartland commands the World Island" The idea that "intellectuals of statecraft" construct ideas about places, these ideas influence and reinforce their political behaviors and policy choices, and these ideas affect how we, the people, process our own notions of places and politics. Proponents of majority-minority districts argue that these districts are a necessary hindrance to the practice of cracking, which occurs when a constituency is divided between several districts in order to prevent it from achieving a majority in any one district. Yugoslavia was a state that always had more than one nation, and eventually the state collapsed and dissolved into several states each having a distinct culture. Which of the following describe continuous random variables? 5. Are racially drawn district morally defensible - are they inherently good, bad, or neither? This is the first and only time the company purchased such securities. An investment balance of$378,000 is eliminated for consolidation purposes. Human-kind defines political regions by establishing political . \text{ } & \text{327} & \text{2$/ 28$} & \underline{1,900}\\ ~A politically organized territory with a permanent population, a defined territory, and a system of government. System wherein each representative is elected from a territorially defined district. Examples: Ireland, Norway, and Poland, A state with more than one nation inside its borders. They integrated their population into an ever more cohesive whole. Example: US and Mexican border, Disputes over natural resources that run across borders. For the chamber as a whole? During this interview we discuss his approach to . World order in which one state is in a position of dominance with allies following rather than joining the political decision-making process. having or relating to a system of government in which several states form a unity but remain independent in internal affairs Geometric boundary A geometric boundary, or geometric border, is one that is formed by arcs or straight lines irrespective of the physical and cultural features of the land it passes through. Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 mandates that electoral district lines cannot be drawn in such a manner as to "improperly dilute minorities' voting power. A politically organized territory that is administered by sovereign government and is recognized by a significant portion of the international community. The other, Sen. LaTonya Johnson, disagreed, saying the Democratic plan was far better than the alternative: I dont believe that the maps proposed would block Black candidates of choice, but I would rather have to fight harder for my seat than have my community suffer another 10 years under a Republican gerrymander.. Inc. David Eggert, Associated Press, Nicholas Riccardi, Associated Press 2. Example: The devolution in Africa after the European states gave the African states their independence. Delimit: Draw the boundary on a map It would require the creation of, for instance, a 50 percent and a 10 percent black district, rather than two 30 percent black districts. 2. https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/new-maps-spark-debate-over-majority-minority-districts, Biden administration sues Texas over voting restrictions, Census data sets up redistricting fight over growing suburbs, Census shows U.S. is diversifying, white population shrinking, As frustration mounts, a White House push on voting rights, Independent Citizens Redistricting Commission, maps drawn by the Democratic-controlled Legislature. A region is an area on the earth identified by two common characteristics: physical and political geography. Students tend to regard the course content as "easy," while the exam is difficult. Legislatures felt that the creation of majority-minority districts was required. A group of people who think of themselves as one based on a sense of shared culture and history, and who seek some degree of political-territorial independence. Legally, a term encompassing all the citizens of a state. Examples: USA, Canada, Belgium. Historically, the majority of students earn the lowest possible score on this exam. rule by an autonomous pwoer over a subordinate and alien people and place. 6. AP Human Geography is widely recommended as an introductory-level AP course. Currently, Asian-Americans make up the majority of constituents in two districts. 1. The district court ruled that six legislative districts violated the Voting Rights Act "by diluting the power of the black vote."
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