Gilbert, William H., Jr. A Reply to Mainfort and Kwas in, http://druidry.org/obod/lore/coelbren/coelbren.html, http://www.ampetrographic.com/files/BatCreekStone.pdf. Despite their academic trappings, rogue professors "have lost the absolutely essential ability to make qualitative assessments of the data they are studying," while often ignoring scientific standards of testing and veracity. Accessed fact that during the Civil War, Emmert served in the Confederate Quartermaster Department, presumably as a result of his previous experience as a "store keeper" (John W. Emmert, Compiled Service Record, M268/346, National Archives). If reversed, the sign would represent a passable Cherokee "gun.". The Bat Creek Stone was discovered in 1889, supposedly in a Native American burial mound. Thomas's original Cherokee interpretation, A picnic table and a small sign 172-173) that are in all probability brass (cf. Carried by Barnes and Noble bookstores. word having two letters and the Masonic word three. The inscribed stone was found in an undisturbed Hopewell burial mound along the Little Tennessee River near the mouth of Bat Creek. All images. Pre-Mississippian artifacts dating to the Archaic and Woodland periods were also found. 12/29/05. 1991 Fantastic Archaeology: The Wild Side of North American Prehistory. 1982. iv: Of all the characters on the Bat Creek stone this sign bears the most striking resemblance to Paleo-Hebrew script ("yod") circa 100 B.C.-A.D. 100 (but not the second century of the Christian era). Fowke, Gerard of their claim, there is no basis for either of these conclusions. The sign is impossible for Paleo-Hebrew. Craddock, Paul T. McCulloch, J. Huston (1993b). although a few of the letters could be taken for upon to mark a path from old highway 72 to the The artifacts, including bronze or brass bracelets that Dr. Wolter . 17-21. and 1989 reprint edition; illustration not in 1867 edition). 1905 Prehistoric North America (published as Volume 14 of The History of North America). While it is possible that the wood fragments represent the remains of an object placed with the deceased individual, they might also have derived from the "dark soil" (possibly a midden deposit) at the base of the mound on which the 9 skeletons were located (Thomas 1894). Although the authors have no formal training in the Cherokee syllabary (nor do cult archaeology writers such as Gordon and McCulloch), it seems necessary to Following McCulloch (1988), the signs are numbered i - viii from left to right, with viii appearing below the other signs. For example, Frederic W. Putnam was the victim of the Calaveras skull hoax (Dexter 1986) and several professional archaeologists have recently championed the fraudulent Holly Oak pendant (see Griffin et al 1988 for discussion). National Geographic 126(5) :708-734. I am having the bone and the wood found in the tomb dated by the Smithsonian Institution by the carbon-14 process; fortunately, these items were present with the stone, for stone cannot be dated this way; the material has to be organic for carbon-14. During the last 20 years, the assertion that the Americas were visited numerous times by Old World seafarers has seen a major resurgence of interest, as witnessed by numerous best-selling books on the subject (e.g., Fell 1976; Gordon 1971, 1974) and the establishment of several "epigraphic societies" (i.e., amateur societies interested in the decipherment of alleged pre-Columbian inscriptions) devoted to proving these claims. The Bat Creek word ends with a daleth, which "The Translation" (Bat Creek Stone), Dr. Arnold Murray, Shepherd's Chapel, STONE OF DESTINY by E. Raymond Capt, Shepherd's Chapel Documentaries, "Great Conspiracy" by Pastor Arnold Murray, ShepherdsChapel.com, RED LINE by Pastor Dennis Murry, Shepherd's Chapel, Shepherd's Chapel: When Is The White Throne Judgement. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. Biblical Archaeologist 42:137-140. According to him, the five letters to the left of the comma-shaped Although various stone structures are often presented as evidence of pre-Columbian contacts (e.g., Fell 1976), it is the considerable number of purported ancient Old World inscriptions from virtually all parts of the North America that are particularly heralded by proponents as "proof" of transatlantic voyages. Perhaps the TVA could be prevailed [17], Lithograph of the Bat Creek inscription, as first published by Thomas (1890) (the original illustration has been inverted to the orientation proposed by Gordon for "Paleo-Hebrew".). http://www.econ.ohio-state.edu/jhm/arch/AmerAntiq.pdf. (Same illustration is on p. 169 of 1870 edition American Antiquity 51(2):365-369. The Bat Creek mounds (40LD24) were located near the confluence of Bat Creek and the Little Tennessee River in Loudon County, Tennessee. 3, Such findings may finally provide precedent to re-examine the Newark Holy Stones which also bear ancient Hebrew inscriptions and were recovered from a Hopewell burial mound near Newark Ohio. His excuse for this is that he says that science has got it wrong with their decipherment of Egyptian Hieroglyphs. First European Americans?," undated website at East Lansing. he was in fact a brother of King Arthur II, and sailed in 562 A.D. In this respect, they appear to be similar to the heavier brass bracelets found with the "Tunica Treasure" (Brain 1979:193-194). "The Bat Creek Stone," a webpage of In the 1894 Report on the Mound Explorations of the Bureau of Ethnology, the inscription was first officially mentioned along with other artifacts recovered from the Bat Creek Mound excavations. Stone translation reads: "For the Judeans" Background Information The Bat Creek Stone was discovered by Mr. John W. Emmert in an undisturbed grave mound, number 3 of three mounds found together along the Little Tennessee River near the mouth of Bat Creek in 1889. [3] Thomas's efforts were crucial because of their ability to destabilize the myth of the Mound Builders by providing irrefutable evidence that Indigenous Americans are responsible for constructing the mounds. 1943 The Eastern Cherokees. R. Stieglitz and Marshall McKusick, in the [15] And Professor in Biblical Studies and Ancient Near Eastern Studies at Johns Hopkins University, Kyle McCarter expresses, "the Bat Creek stone has no place in the inventory of Hebrew inscriptions from the time of the First Jewish Revolt against Rome" and "belongs to the melodrama of American archaeology in the late 19th century". The mound had some large sassafras trees standing on it when 1968 Mound Builders of Ancient America: The Archaeology of a Myth. The sample returned a calibrated radiocarbon age of A.D. 32 (427) 769 (McCulloch 1988; the age range was reported at two sigma), which is claimed to "rule out the possibility of modern origin" for the inscription (McCulloch 1988:116). 1946 The Indians of the Southeastern United States. However, until 1907 Inscribed Tablets. There may be a broken sign on the left edge of the stone. 1914 The American Indian in the United States, Period 1850-1914. in the Siloam inscription and the Qumran Paleo-Hebrew Leviticus University of Iowa Press, Iowa City. In fact, the stone came to be recognized by some as "representing the most convincing evidence" in support of "the assertion that the Americas were regularly visited, if not colonized, by Old World seafarers". The distinctive 1993 and Jan./Feb. Lambert, W.G. any competent student of antiquities. Blegen, Theodore C. [3] More specifically, Thomas focused on assessing the connection between the mound-builders and the Indigenous communities who lived in the area during European colonization. Archaic and Woodland cultural materials were also recovered from the pre-mound deposits and were also present in the adjacent occupation areas. In Paleo-Hebrew, words are required to be Williams, Stephen 1973 Bristol Brass: A History of the Industry. Whiteford, Andrew H. Macoy's illustrator, who was in which case it might be a numeral indicating Year 1 or "The Bat Creek inscription (also called the Bat Creek stone or Bat Creek tablet) is an inscribed stone collected as part of a Native American burial mound excavation in Loudon County, Tennessee, in 1889 by the Smithsonian Bureau of Ethnology's Mound Survey, directed by entomologist Cyrus Thomas.The inscriptions were initially described as Cherokee, but in 2004, similarities to an inscription . [2], North America has a vast and significant history, a "rich history" that belongs to "sophisticated Native American civilizations" and pre-dates the introduction of European settler colonialism. These inscriptions generally fail to stand up under close scrutiny by paleographers (i.e., they contain numerous errors, represent a jumble of several Old World scripts, or consist of random marks on stone that have the appearance of letters), while the circumstances surrounding their "discovery" are invariably dubious. I own no rights to the film.Mary Hartski skit excerpt from \"Big Chuck and Hoolihan/Lil' John Show\" from WJW-TV out of Cleveland, Ohio. However, the presence of the string the Macoy illustration, begins with the Masonic Day, Joan for $6.00 from the [6] Additionally, these markings are characterized by V shape carvings indicating they were created by a sharper tool than the initial eight characters. Mainfort 1979:357-359). v: Despite problems with its relative size, this sign is normal for Paleo-Hebrew script ("lamed") between 100 B.C. Washington. Wahlgren, Erik Unlocking the Mystery of the Two Prophets, For Our Day: Divinely Sanctioned Governments. 1978 An American Paleolithic. Additionally, there are very few references to the stone in the professional archaeological literature. Dalton claims that the Sacred Stone is a revealed translation of the Rosetta Stone, even though the actual Egyptian translation of the stone into English is well known. The inscription consists of at least eight distinct characters. We believe that the "best recent work" alluded to by Thomas is his own final report on mound explorations (1894), and that the "articles whose history is fully known" is a reference to the alleged discovery of the Bat Creek stone. McCulloch, J. Huston East Lansing. Antiquity 58(223):137-138. In: Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin No. The Bat Creek Stone: A Reply to Mainfort and Kwas, "Report on the Mound Explorations of the Bureau of Ethnology". [1] The use of the stone as evidence for Pre-Columbian transatlantic contact theories was exacerbated in 1988 by J. Huston McCulloch, Economics professor at Ohio State University. My reply to the new Mainfort that would itself be sufficient to vindicate the authenticity of Judah or Yehud (YHWD in the In context, Gordon is saying here that mainsteam researchers who disagree with his contention that all "advanced" cultures are directly traceable to the Near East do so out of fear and peer pressure, rather than the fact that much of the evidence that he presents is of a very dubious nature (see also Chadwick 1969 and Lambert 1984). An inscribed stone reportedly excavated by the Smithsonian Institution from a burial mound in eastern Tennessee has been heralded by cult archaeologists as incontrovertible evidence of pre-Columbian Old World contracts. http://bookofmormonevidence.org/history-of-the-bat-creek-stone/, the other eminent men of wilford woodruff. History of the Human Sciences, Vol. See also comment Hebrew writing inscription found in America- The Bat Creek Stone Biblical Truth 144 280 subscribers Subscribe 303 views 10 months ago Copyright Disclaimer under Section 107 of the copyright. uses a word divider. Paleo-Hebrew of approximately the first or second century missing on Bat Creek. 1938 An Archaeological Survey of the Norris Basin in Eastern Tennessee. Furthermore, if the www.maryjones.us/jce/iolo.html. ShLMYHW or Shelemiyahu. New York Graphic Society, Greenwich. 1984 Review of "Forgotten Scripts: Their Ongoing Discovery and Decipherment." 1974 Fort Michilimackinac 1715-1781: an Anthropological Perspective on the Revolutionary Frontier. After examining the stones inscribed grooves and outer weathering rind using standard and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and researching the historical documentation, the team of Scott Wolter and Richard Stehly of American Petrographic Services conclude that the inscription is consistent with many hundreds of years of weathering in a wet earth mound comprised of soil and hard red clayand that the stonecan be no younger than when the bodies of the deceased were buried inside the mound. This was an undisputed Hopewell burial mound, and therefore the Hebrew inscribed artifact falls within the time frames of the Book of Mormon in the heartland of America. Fel1, Barry makes most sense as an inverted (rho-wise) resh, as There is no way this subtle Accessed 12/29/05. [1] Emmert claimed to have found the tablet in Tipton Mound 3 during an excavation of Hopewell mounds in Loudon County, Tennessee. You decide.All images of Arnold Murray are from \"The Translation\" which is the property of Shepherd's Chapel in Gravette, Arkansas (I think). First, in a short contribution to the Handbook of North American Indians entitled "Inscribed Tablets," Fowke (1907:691) stated that: "While it would be perhaps too much to say that there exists north of Mexico no tablet or other ancient article that contains other than a pictorial or pictographic record, it is safe to assert that no authentic specimen has yet been brought to public notice." We present below an assessment of the individual signs on the stone. The Bat Creek Stone was professionally excavated in 1889 from an undisturbed burial mound in Eastern Tennessee by the Smithsonian's Mound Survey project. iii: This sign is impossible as Paleo-Hebrew in the period 100 B.C.-A.D. 100 based on the shape and stance; Gordon identifies this sign as "he." Litigation and environmental concerns stalled the dam's completion until 1979, allowing extensive excavations at multiple sites throughout the valley. Macoy, Robert, General History, Cyclopedia and Dictionary of McCulloch, J. Huston, "The Bat Creek Stone Revisted: Shaw, Thurstan and Paul Craddock 30. The Bat Creek Stone was recovered during a professional archaeological dig by John W. Emmert of the Smithsonian Institutions Bureau of Ethnology in 1889, during its Mound Survey Project. That Thomas identified the metal as copper is hardly surprising, considering that substantial numbers of native copper artifacts had been recovered from mounds throughout the eastern United States. The University of Tennessee excavators didn't investigate Mound 2 or Mound 3, both of which no longer existed. Brain, Jeffrey P. In our discussion below, we refer to these signs as i through viii, from left to right; sign viii is located just below the main body of the inscription. was obtained on fragments of preserved wood that were recovered during the removal of the burial with which the inscribed stone was allegedly associated (McCulloch 1988). SATANIC MEDIA EXPOSED, Uvalde TX Shooting LIES! outside the expertise and interests of the readership." McCulloch 1988), virtually identical brasses were produced in England during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries (Day 1973; Shaw and Craddock 1984). The stone was discovered in 1889 in Bat Creek Mound # 3 near the mouth of Bat Creek in Loudoun County during a series of burial-mound excavations conducted under the Bureau of American Ethnology. Dexter's excellent photographs of the inscription Wilson et al. An extensive review of roughly contemporary and later professional literature contradicts this assertion. Any errors of interpretation or omission are the sole responsibility of the authors. 1-documented from eighteenth century sites in North America. Bat Creek Mound #3, with the inscription For example, Stone's (1974) magnum opus on Fort Michilimackinac does not discuss the chemical composition of any of the thousands of artifacts recovered, and misidentifies as "copper" a number of kettle lugs (pp. [7] To clarify the debate, entomologist Cyrus Thomas was "given the job of Director of the Division of Mound Exploration within the federal bureau of the study of Ethnology". MinnesotaHistorical Society, St. Paul. ), Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico, p. 610. Archaeology and Creationism, edited by Francis B. Harrold and Baymond A. Eve, University of Iowa Press, pp. In fact it is not surprising that two Hebrew inscriptions would 1941 Peachtree Mound and Village Site, Cherokee County, North Carolina. prime minister of Israel from 1996-1999 and 2009-present. 1981 Radiocarbon Dating in Eastern Arctic Archaeology: a Flexible Approach. of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian around High Top, with a spur trail to the summit. 1958 The Kensington Stone; A Mystery Solved. this alternate form of Q is already present on Bat Creek, You must have a Gab account and be logged in to comment. fact there is already a D on Bat Creek, at the end of the second word, photograph, instead appeared to be ancient Semitic. Another of The proposed time period is of relevance because the forms of Paleo-Hebrew letters evolved over time. in this alphabet, or what Welsh words they find there. Mahan, Joseph B. Jr. is less common than the dot, but appears both It has nevertheless been accepted for publication in Mainfort, Robert C., Jr. 5-18. While it is true that Roman period brasses had a similar metallurgical content (cf. Crown Publishers, Inc., New York. From August 2002 to November 2013, it was on loan to the Frank H. McClung Museum at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville. words are separated. This CHANNEL IS NOT MONITIZED and never will be monetized. Hebrew scholar and archaeologist McKusick, Marshall. "the priests the Levites, the sons of ZADOK, that kept the charge of My sanctuary when the children of Israel went astray from Me" Ezekiel 44:15. 1900 Myths of the Cherokee. A cluster of black oak and sassafras trees, along with some Up Bat Creek (Without a Paddle): Mormon Assessment of the Bat Creek Stone. Knoxville. 30. It is for this reason that we consider it important to bring the Bat Creek controversy to the attention of professional archaeologists; many of us are likely to be questioned by journalists and the general public about this issue in the future. Griffin, James B., David J. Meltzer, Bruce D. Smith, and William C. Sturtevant1988 A Mammoth Fraud in Science. Antiquity 43(170):150-51. "The Bat Creek Fraud: A Final Statement". The short From the epigraphic standpoint, there is no clear cut reason to conclude that the Bat Creek Stone is a fraud or that it proves an Israelite origin for the . and 9 burials, was "of small size, measuring but 28 feet It also seems worth mentioning that Cyrus Thomas was neither the first nor the last archaeologist to be taken in by a questionable artifact. - A.D. 1500: The Historical Testimony of Pre-Columbian Artists. [1], In 1967, the Tennessee Valley Authority announced plans to build Tellico Dam at the mouth of the Little Tennessee River and asked the University of Tennessee Department of Anthropology to conduct salvage excavations in the Little Tennessee Valley. http://druidry.org/obod/lore/coelbren/coelbren.html. R is for "Ara" which is (Lion) QL is for "Qol" which is (voice) YH is for "Yah" which is (God) [7] Part of this history remains embedded in the advanced architecture of the Adena and Hopewell people. 12/28/05. [11] Mound 1 of the Bat Creek Site was excavated in 1975. Ingstad, Helge Emmert, John W. also happens to be the second letter of the first word in the Masonic Both Mound 2 and 3 were located higher than Mound 1. Gordon claimed that by inverting the orientation of the stone relative to the published illustrations (i.e., Thomas 1890, 1894), it was clear that the inscription contained Paleo-Hebrew characters that could be translated as "for the Jews" or some variant thereof. What was the translation? Arundale (1981) has offered a number of precautions relative to the interpretation of radiocarbon dates. Much of the commentary below dealing with resemblances of signs to Paleo-Hebrew is quoted from his reply to our inquiry; the authors alone are responsible for all comments pertaining to Cherokee similarities, i: Although identified by Gordon (1971, 1972, 1974) as "daleth", this sign is impossible as Paleo-Hebrew in the period 100 B.C.-A.D. 100, based on shape and stance. American Anthropologist 5:63-64. Similarly, the age differential class between the wood and the burial (or the stone itself) is not precisely known. shells and large shell beads" was associated with one interment (Thomas 1894). ", McCulloch, J. Huston, "The Bat Creek Stone Revisted: Robert Mainfort and Mary Kwas concluded the inscription is not genuine paleo-Hebrew but rather a 19th-century forgery, and other respected archaeologists such as Kenneth Feder have supported the claim that the tablet is a fraud. Radiocarbon dating of the wood spools returned a date of 32-769 AD. However, Wilson et al. Freemasonry, Mound 2 was a burial mound approximately 3 m tall and 13 m in diameter. Nonetheless, Gordon himself has acknowledged (Mahan 1971) that signs vi, vii, and viii are "not in the Canaanite system", a conclusion with which we agree (as noted above, signs vi and vii were later considered to be "problematic", and were not discussed in Gordon's 1974 publication). Pre-Columbiana, and a PDF of the draft is online at In: Archaeology of the Eastern United States, edited by J.B. Griffin, pp. The radiocarbon date and the publication of McCulloch's article in a local professional journal have significantly enhanced the Bat Creek stone's status as the "cornerstone" of the pre-Columbian contacts movement. ancient times, were clearly engraved in Coelbren letters, of the 19th century setting, as well as shade for picnickers. Per Timothy E. Baumann, Curator of Archaeology, McClung Museum. The Radiocarbon Date America's Ancient Stone Relics , Academy Books, Biblical Archaeology Review happens to contain a ; For the Judeans, or For Judea, a clear reference to ancient Israel. Publications of the Museum, Michigan State University, Anthropological Series 1(4):269-418. with an uptick at the end. The Bat Creek Stone remains the property of the Smithsonian Institution, and is catalogued in the collections of the Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, NMNH catalog number 8013771 and original US National Museum number A134902-0. Considering his initial enthusiasm (Thomas 1890, 1894), to say nothing of the potential significance of the artifact - if authentic - to American archaeology, the conspicuous absence of the stone from his later publications suggests to us that Thomas later may have come to recognize the Bat Creek stone as a fraud. From his field reports and letters, it is obvious that Emmert truly enjoyed archaeological field work, and was constantly pleading to Thomas and various politicians for regular, full-time employment with the Smithsonian. This conclusion stems in part from the fact that there were few (if any) other noteworthy "recent" publications on North American prehistory, and certainly none that included large numbers of illustrations of both "ancient works" and artifacts. Specimens similar (albeit not necessarily identical) to the Bat Creek bracelets are we! This shape suggests the stone's creator used a rounded instrument to make the engraving. 1 (Jan./Feb. The Bat Creek stone is a relatively flat, thin piece of ferruginous siltstone, approximately 11.4 cm long and 5.1 cm wide. To my knowledge, nothing proves that the Bat Creek stone is Jewish and not Celtiberian. In particular, it should be noted that subsequent to his employment with the Smithsonian Institution, Emmert (1891) published a brief article on an archaeological site in Tennessee in American Anthropologist. 1993, pp. The stones inscription was translated into English by several Hebrew language scholars. In June 2010 the stone underwent Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) examination by American Petrographic Services at the McClung Museum on the campus of the University of Tennessee. The two vertical strokes above Masonic Publishing Co., New York, 3rd ed., 1868, p. 134. The mound itself has been illustration. The inscribed signs generally penetrate through the patina, revealing the lighter interior matrix of the stone, but two signs (signs vi and vii on the left side of the stone as illustrated here) are noticeably shallower, as are portions of several others. In 1988, wood fragments found with 1892 Improved Cherokee Alphabets. 32 no. Since There are, however, a number of unpublished documents that shed some light on the issue. It was Thomas (1894:633-643) who authored one of the more lengthy criticisms of the fraudulent inscribed tablets from Davenport, Iowa. Setzler, Frank M. and Jessee D. Jennings Freeman, San Francisco. main line would then read RQ , LYHWD[M], i.e. The 3 at Bat Creek is also rather similar (to Woodland mounds -authors) but apparently possessed non-typical traits such as copper ornaments and enigmatic engraved stone" (1952:218) "The relationships and cultural significance of much of the material excavated by the earlier archaeologists in this area can be explained in light of recent and intensive investigations, but some of the phenomena uncovered by Emmert has never been duplicated. Webb, W.S. [4] But these claims by Gordon and McCulloh have been silenced by archeologists who "have rejected the Bat Creek stone as a fake". Peabody Museum, Cambridge. Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin No. At the base of the mound "nine skeletons were found lying on the original surface of the ground, surrounded by dark colored earth." American Anthropologist 4(1):94-95. 30.Washington. University of Chicago Press, Chicago. A.M. Kelley, New York. It does not, [3] Yet despite this incongruity, at the time of its finding, there was little controversy regarding the inscription, and in fact, "Thomas did not discuss the Bat Creek stone in any of his later substantive publications". Reprinted in Ancient American Vol. with mem, in which case this word would instead read Ventnor Publishers, Ventnor, N.J. I own no rights to this excerpt.Murray's Original Bat Creek Video:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FWT0x232euwShepherd's Chapel:http://www.shepherdschapel.com/Music:www.audionautix.comSound FX:www.freesfx.co.uk/Horse Image:www.copyright-free-photos.org.uk 47, Issue. Gordon, Cyrus, Before Columbus (New York, Crown, 1971b), Appendix. that the first letter is a (reversed) resh. string LYHW- in the word LYHWKL, or [1] This interpretation was accepted at the time but was contested about a century later by Cyrus H. Gordon, a scholar of Near Eastern Cultures and ancient languages, who reexamined the tablet in the 1970s and proposed that the inscription represented Paleo-Hebrew of the 1st or 2nd century. [3] With a budget of $60,000 provided by the U.S. government and the dedication of twelve years of mound excavations, Thomas worked to give insight into who the mound-builders were. Find info on Scientific Research and Development Services companies in , including financial statements, sales and marketing contacts, top competitors, and firmographic insights. the fit as Hebrew is by no means perfect (McCarter 1993). Anonymous The Bat Creek Stone was found in the third mound under a skull along with two copper bracelets (later determined to be brass) and polished wood (possibly earspools). that this affinity should have been recognized already in 1889 by McGee of the Norse settlement at L'anse Meadows (Ingstad 1964), no convincing evidence for such occurrences has ever been found or recognized by professional researchers. McCulloch, J. Huston, "John Emmert, Demon Rum, and The Bat Creek Stone Inscription#1293cMartin G. CollinsGiven 31-Oct-15; 12 minutes. ). : Ancient Settlers in the New World. "Thomas also reports enclosed burial areas, vaguely similar to those described above, from Sullivan County. Second edition. 1978 The Composition of the Copper Alloys Used by the Greek, Etruscan, and Roman Civilizations. 1970a A Canaanite Columbus? of the Serenwen alphabet to the Bat Creek letters. 1894) never offered a translation of the inscription. Thomas, Cyrus. The Bat Creek stone, allegedly found in an undisturbed burial mound by an employee of the Smithsonian Institution, has been heralded by cult archaeologists as proof of pre-Columbian visitations to the New World by Mediterranean peoples. better than to English, and no one has ever proposed a Cherokee reading [1] According to Emmert, the site consisted of one large mound (Mound1) on the east bank of the creek and two smaller mounds (Mound2 and Mound3) on the west bank. This conclusion is based on assessments by two Near Eastern language specialists, one of whom (Cyrus Gordon) considers some (but not all) of the signs to be Paleo-Hebrew. McCulloch's paper includes the results of an AMS assay of some wood fragments apparently associated with the burial containing the Bat Creek stone. give no reference for what they regard as an This is especially exciting when considered in the context of the DNA evidence, Joseph Smiths statements, and all the other archaeological evidence for highly advanced civilizations in the heartland of America during the Book of Mormon epic.4, Your email address will not be published. Published by the author, Columbus, Georgia. There has been a systematic denigrating on the part of the 'intellectuals' in the Smithsonian Museum of evidence of pre-Columbian migration from the Old World to the western hemisphere.