In part A of the sample question, the key command is "define," meaning you could just give a one-sentence answer that clearly outlines what a multinational state is. \text { C } \\ All rights reserved. 6 \\ b. JeffersonPlt. Sates might: Build up their military (USA/USSR), Aquire new territory (attempted by the USSR) and form alliances with other states (NATO/ Warsaw Pact) An "exclave" is a region of a country that is completely separated from the main body of that country, usually by the borders of another country. What are some examples of a fortified boundary? diverting potential economic investment in the city. 62 \\ Learn more about PrepScholar Admissions to maximize your chance of getting in. \hline \text { Estimated Life } & 12 \text { years } & 24 \text { years } \\ Cracking, packing, stacking, hijacking, and kidnapping. \mathrm{B} \\ \text { Wachovia } \\ He stated that Eurasia's Rimland (coastal area or buffer zone) is the key to controlling the world island, not the heartland. \text { A } \\ \text { Hanson PLC } \\ It also shows the cash received and any change returned to the customer. The relevant Unit 4 Political Patterns and Processes 2021,, Unit whatever this is human geo- finished as, AP Human Geography Unit 8, Political Geography, World History and Geography: Modern Times. \text { Rating } Countries cannot be analyzed independently. \text { Value } a boundary that follows a country's coastline 12 miles into the ocean What are some examples of a physical boundary? The customary markup for an item is 60 percent. \end{array}\\ Because ethnic groups straddle many boundaries in Africa, this situation has led to considerable cross-border trade, but also has created numerous conflicts. Economic sanctions can have significant impacts on the economy of the targeted country. The \text { B } \\ Review your answers with a second, more critical eye. 21 \\ After you finish the last part of a particular free-response question, check over all your answers for that question one last time to ensure that everything is the way you want it to be. See how other students and parents are navigating high school, college, and the college admissions process. 48 \\ What are some examples of a superimposed boundary? The debate over immigration policy in the United States, which has often been fueled by concerns about preserving American cultural values and traditions. The Rio Grande is an important physical boundary on the southern border of the United States. A need for additional public schools, colleges, universities, and/or libraries. StructureYStructureZFirstCost$4,500$10,000EstimatedLife12years24yearsEstimatedSalvageValueNone$1,800AnnualMaintenanceCost$1,000$720\begin{array}{|l|c|c|} Set-based questions. a city or town that has corporate status and local government. Get the latest articles and test prep tips! Ask questions; get answers. The Himalayas are a natural boundary that separates China, India, and Nepal. major physical features that serve as a means of separation, boundary that has been forced upon the inhabitants f an area to solve a problem and/or conflict, straight lines that serve as political boundaries that are unrelated to physical and/or cultural differences, a political boundary that separates different cultures, boundary that operates different speakers, boundary that separates different religions, a boundary that ceases to exist, however the imprint of the boundary still remains on the cultural landscape, physical barrier constructed by the state to either keep people in or out of their territory, a boundary that follows a country's coastline 12 miles into the ocean. The most well-known example of this is. Economic sanctions, which are imposed by one country or group of countries on another country as a way to punish or deter certain behavior. The rats that had learned without reinforcement demonstrated __________ _________ . This question is an example of question 3 on the Human Geography exam. Ask below and we'll reply! Likewise, Indonesia and Papua New Guinea is separated by another geometric boundary along the 141st meridian. Here are some common ways that gerrymandering can occur: "Cracking" refers to the practice of dividing a group of voters into multiple districts in order to dilute their voting power. Example Questions. 22 \\ On the basis of their responses, classify them into lifestyle segments. \text { D } \\ For example, a question that asks you to "identify" something will merit a much more succinct answer than one that asks you to "describe" it. https://www.u Mr. Sinn 141K. \hline \text { First Cost } & \$ 4,500 & \$ 10,000 \\ Some examples of mountain ranges as boundaries include the Zagros Mountains between Iraq and Iran, the Pyrenees between Spain and France, and the Andes Mountains between Chile and Argentina. He said that if the balance of power is upset a state or combination of states could become the dominant world power. AP Human Geography In this video, we're going to learn how about how different boundaries are marked and what their functions could be: cultural, national, or economic divisions. One classic example of an exclave is Alaska because it is not part of the contiguous continental United States. 9 \\ In addition to your down payment, you will also have to pay closing costs when you buy a house. Walls, fences, posts Administered boundary The enforcement and maintaining of a boundary by government Individual countries decide how strict or relaxed border crossings will be. In some cases, political boundaries are based on natural features such as rivers, mountains, or other geographical landmarks, while in other cases they may be arbitrary lines drawn on a map. Indonesia/Papua New Guinea, many African countries by European colonists. Here's a sample question from the 2020 Course and Exam Description that I'll use as a reference so you can see how the different steps apply: Before you start in on the first part of the question, be sure to read the short introductory blurb. Colonialism is when a more powerful country attempts to assert its power and influence over a weaker country. Find common denominators and subtract. 31 \\ Explain. \end{array} & \begin{array}{l} \\ The data on Sales/Margins/ROE are a composite rating based on a companys sales growth rate, its profit margins, and its return on equity (ROE). The boundary has been relatively stable and peaceful, and has facilitated trade and economic cooperation between the two countries. The border was guarded by both North Vietnamese and South Vietnamese military forces and was the site of numerous battles and skirmishes. Rivers are common boundaries between nations , states, and smaller political units such as counties. Gerrymandering is important because it can have significant consequences for the balance of political power within a state or country. A stunning series of events between 1989 and 1991 that led to the fall of communist regimes in eastern Europe and the Soviet Union. ASL Final Exam - Grammar & Deaf Culture - Uni. Required: There are five types of gerrymandering and they all rhyme! Dogtopia sells pet supplies and food and handles all sales with a cash register. \hline \begin{array}{l} 32 \\ Prepare a frequency distribution for the data on Industry Group Relative Strength. Samantha is also passionate about art and graduated with honors from Dartmouth College as a Studio Art major in 2014. What is OTB at cost? ***Look at political cartoon***, A state that is technically sovereign, but is heavily influenced by another state. Smart-growth policies, slow-growth, or zoning policies that restrict the amount of land that can be developed or create a development boundary or greenbelt around the city. 56 \\ 17 \\ A boundary marked by some visible means on the ground, The enforcement and maintaining of a boundary by government, Boundaries that follow a natural feature in the landscape, Delimited boundaries that are drawn according to a latitude or longitude. Her goal is to help students adopt a less stressful view of standardized testing and other academic challenges through her articles. Sovereignty: The political authority of a state to govern itself. The border is patrolled by U.S. Border Patrol agents and is fortified with walls and other barriers. \text { D } \\ Or, laws requiring new developments be constructed with bus lanes, train lines, and stations. \text { B } \\ 40 \\ This system shows/describes the global economic disparities. The European Union (EU), which is a political and economic union of 27 European countries. Dominate trade, control the most advanced technologies, have high levels of productivity within diversified economies, Able to exploit peripheral regions, but are themselves exploited and dominated by core regions, Have undeveloped or narrowly specialized economies with low levels of productivity. Russian influence in eastern Ukraine is an example of irredentism, or an effort to expand political influence of a state on a group of people in a neighboring state. &\text { Source: Investor's Business Daily, April 7, } 2000 . \text { Sales/Margins/ } \\ Historical or cultural factors: Internal boundaries may be influenced by historical or cultural factors, such as the existence of pre-existing divisions or the presence of different ethnic or linguistic groups within a region. The Rio Grande is an important physical boundary on the southern border of the United States. These towering mountain ranges are some of the highest in the world and form a natural barrier between these countries. The benefit of geometric boundaries is that they are easy to mark on a map and easy to understand. 7 \\ \text { Industry Group } \\ nation that transcends the borders of two or more states. \text { Kroger } \\ In some countries, participation in the census is required by law and failure to respond can result in fines or other penalties. \text { Jefferson Plt. } The additional vehicle increases the total amount of air pollution. \text { EPS } \\ \hline \begin{array}{l} 12 \\ NAFTA has removed many economic boundaries between these countries, leading to increased trade and economic cooperation. Want to build the best possible college application? For instance, several wars have occurred because the Somali ethnic group is split between five different countries. Almost 50 percent of the boundaries in Africa are geometric, and at least 177 ethnic groups are split in two or more states. \hline \begin{array}{l} It was established in the 19th century through a series of treaties and agreements. Table provides financial data for a sample of 36 companies whose stocks trade on the New York Stock Exchange (Investors Business Daily, April 7, 2000). Of those individuals who play video and computer games, 18%18\%18% are under 18 years old, 53%53\%53% are 18-59 years old, and 29%29\%29% are over 59 years old (The Wall Street Journal, March 6, 2012). The Israeli-Palestinian conflict, which is centered around competing claims to land that is considered holy by both Jewish and Palestinian cultures. This narrow waterway between the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea is an important political, economic, and social boundary between the continents. Microstate (ministate): A country that is small in both population and area. an agreement signed Mexico, U.s, Canada to create trade bloc in North AM. There is conflict over where exactly the border is between the U.S. and Mexico, especially along the Rio Grande because the river has changed course and moved, and it is the traditional border. Check out my ultimate study guide for AP Human Geography! PrepScholar Admissions is the world's best admissions consulting service. \end{array} & \begin{array}{l} (This type of expansion is called irredentism). to join family members or friends already living in Delhi. "Hijacking" refers to the practice of altering district boundaries to move a group of voters into a different district, in order to change the outcome of an election. Some images used in this set are licensed under the Creative Commons through Flickr.com.Click to see the original works with their full license. Industrial air emissions contribute to the city's air pollution levels. \mathrm{B} \\ Any boundary is also determined by either natural or geometric lines. A boundary dispute is a disagreement over the location or demarcation of a border between two or more countries, states, or other political or geographic entities. Climates and ecosystems, which can influence the types of crops that can be grown and the types of animals that can be raised in a particular area. 80 \\ 54 \\ Physical Boundary. Examples: A very good example of this is the set of walls that can be found in Ireland, instituted by the Irish government, hoping to avoid conflict between the Catholics and Protestants. Ex. He believed that in order for the state needs to grow to survive or it will disintegrate. persistent differences in levels and rates of economic development between different sectors of the economy. It is your destiny. What is the probability that a randomly selected orange will contain between 5.00 and 5.50 ounces of juice? One way to reduce these barriers, thereby opening all parties to the benefits of increased trade. Eastern Europe was fractured. An orange juice producer buys all his oranges from a large orange grove. It is typically carried out by national governments and is used to gather data on the size, composition, and distribution of a population. The division of Yugoslavia into several independent countries in the 1990s. \text { B } \\ In the US, each person in Congress represents about 747,000 people, which is significantly more than the equivalent representative in other countries. (Annabelle I know you know, for the other people who study this. \mathrm{A} \\ \text { NYMAGIC } \\ \end{array} \\ 76 \\ Other free options include high-quality, unofficial practice tests. 17 \\ Students employ spatial concepts and landscape analysis to examine human social organization and its environmental consequences. However, they're often criticized for failing to acknowledge the pre-existing ethnic and cultural divides between people who live on either side of the . Ex. For ethnic boundaries, they are drawn based on a cultural trait, such as where people share a language or religion. There was West & East Europe and the USSR. 776 on June 30 of the current year. administration phase of boundary creation, to determine how the boundary will be maintained and how goods and people will cross the boundary, when a resource lies on two sides of a border, a boundary drawn across an aread before it is well populated and before most of the cultural landscape features are developed, (also known as geometric boundary) frequently delimited as sections of parallels of latitude or meridians of longitude, historically been divided among a large number of ethnic and religious groups, the political landscape goes from a larger state to several smaller states. If you see a topic that is especially familiar, you might go for that question first as you'll be able to answer it the fastest. vertical lane between states that cuts through the rocks below, and airspace above the surface. Two storage structures, given code names Y and Z, are being considered for a military base located in Sontaga. For example, in eastern Ukraine, the majority of the population speaks Russian and is sympathetic to Russians on the other side of the border. Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. the behavior of a male animal that defines and defends its territory, a treaty-like, legal sounding document is drawn up in which actual points in the landscape are described, the translation of the written terms of a boundary treaty into an official cartographic representation, actual placing of a political boundary of the landscape by means of barriers, fences, walls, or other markers, boundaries that are administered by administration, a boundary existing, occurring, or carried on between two or more nations. \text { Alliant Tech } \\ What could you do to correct the weakness. The division of the Indian subcontinent into India and Pakistan in 1947. Natural resource boundaries are vertical planes that extend up into the sky and down into the earth Example: in 1990, Iraq invaded Kuwait for drilling too many wells and \mathrm{D} \\ This idea led to NATO for example. \mathrm{C} \\ A league of independent states, each having essentially sovereign powers. Geographic and political features of different regions, especially impact of geography on politics, If one country fell under communist control, it would influence surrounding countries to follow the suit. Before we get into examples with answer explanations, let's go over the essential steps you must take in order to effectively answer these types of questions. \text { C } \\ question In fact, because of the gradual shift in the Rio Grande in the vicinity of El Paso, the United States and Mexico established the Chamizal Treaty which reestablished the boundary and included a more permanent relocation of the river channel by engineering (Figure 8.5). 2023 Fiveable Inc. All rights reserved. (Agree to create). These types of borders don't usually show up on maps. These can create economic conflict between the two countries and can lead to retaliatory measures. These straight lines could coincide with latitude or longitude, as is the case with the northwestern boundary of the United States with Canada along 49o north latitude. New Urbanism or mixed land-use developments where workers live, shop, and work within walkable distances. "Packing" refers to the practice of concentrating a group of voters into a single district in order to reduce their influence in other districts. 69 \\ Fed. Our new student and parent forum, at ExpertHub.PrepScholar.com, allow you to interact with your peers and the PrepScholar staff. \mathrm{A} \\ 32 \\ The boundary between the two countries was created as a result of the Allied victory and the subsequent occupation of Germany by the Soviet Union and other Western powers. in the hopes of improving their income or quality of life. 57 \\ It's important to remember at the time to many people the oceans (Navy) was the path to domination. Report an Error Example Question #12 : Political Organization Of Space The boundary has been a source of conflict and tension between the two sides. Self-determination is the process by which a country determines its own statehood and forms its own allegiances and governments. States can be viewed as living organisms (The need to consume territories and make alliances. Overall, there are many types of boundaries, and a given boundary can be described by more than one type. a. The Sahara Desert is a natural boundary that separates the countries of North Africa. &\begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|c|} He stated that the key is to prevent any one power from gaining control of the historically fragmented rimland. The border between the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland, which was established as a result of the partition of Ireland in 1922. Sometimes, these boundaries change suddenly because of armed conflict or state's change gradually through the process of devolution. For a simple random sample of n=36n=36n=36 units, the sample mean is found to be x=26.2\bar{x}=26.2x=26.2 seconds per unit. In each part of the question (A-G), it's a good idea to underline the specific task verb at play, that is, what it's asking you to do. \text { D } \\ \mathrm{A} \\ Individual questions. Like,. Internal boundaries can be found in a variety of contexts, including geographic regions, political divisions, and organizational structures. Just kidding, I did Google it, and it's probably not a thing, but not even the internet knows for sure. \text { C } \\ A group that works to develop an entire region to attract industries to a specific area, a type of multi-national confederation, where negotiated power is delegated to an authority by governments of member states. The conflict in Northern Ireland, which has been influenced by the cultural divide between Protestant and Catholic communities. a politically organized body of people under a single government. We will also discuss why these two forces are vital to the survival of the state. \end{array} & \begin{array}{l} \text { Gateway } \\ Check out the AP Human Geography Ultimate Review Packet! 9 \\ Whereas political boundaries are usually clear, cultural boundaries also exist more fluidly. established at the end of WWII to foster international security and cooperation (192 member states); precursor was the League of Nations that went defunct at the beginning of WWII. \\ It sets up the topic you'll be analyzing and gives you firmer ground to stand on when addressing the rest of the question. (a) pregnant female (b) 60-year-old white male (c) Buddhist monk (d) All of these would fit into a protected class. The line that divides an electoral district or voting precinct is also a geometric boundary in a political context. The process of redistricting can lead to dramatic manipulations. AP Human Geography Vocab Boundaries. Examples: The United States and Mexico argued over their mutual boundary for years even after it was officially set in 1848. Administered Boundaries answer These boundaries are implemented by governments and regulated by them with hopes of avoiding potential conflicts. One World Market that dominates economic decisions 2. Devolution of political power from a central authority creates this allowing for more regional or local control, a political entity characterized by a union of partially self-governing states. What is the probability that a randomly selected orange will contain between 4.70 and 5.00 ounces of juice? A boundary line that is no longer functioning, but shows on the cultural landscape. 21 \\ Also, the spark for the the Persian Gulf war between Iraq and Kuwait was regarding rights to oil. Mackinder came up with the Heartland theory. Super Imposed Boundary. multinational state one that contains more that one nation multistate nation nation that transcends the borders of two or more states autonomous region an area of a country that has a degree of autonomy, or has freedom from an external authority. The border between neighborhoods within a city: Cities are often divided into neighborhoods or districts, each with its own character and identity. A Packet made by Mr. Sinn to help you succeed not only on the AP Test but in your class as well! \text { Nordstrom } \\ a customs union comprising Belgium, the Netherlands, andLuxembourg, begun January 1, 1948. state that contains more than one nation (usually no one single dominant ethnic group). A nationality that is not represented by a state. What is an example of a geometric boundary? The border between India and Pakistan, which has been the site of ongoing conflict for decades. \mathrm{C} \\ In this article, we'll go through the structure of the free-response section, some helpful tips for answering AP Human Geography FRQs, examples of what these free-response questions look like, and a few places where you can find the best practice materials. legal document or treaty drawn up to specify actual point on a landscape where a political boundary exists (First Phase in Boundary :treaty), boundary that a cartographer has drawn on a map (Second phase in boundary: creation), boundary that is actually marked on the ground by wall or fence post, enforcement of a boundary by government or people (final phase of boundary creation), independence from control of its internal affairs by other states, establishes who has control of water (12 m miles out from the sea), reappointment of representatives every ten years based on results of the census, redrawing of political boundaries for political gain by one of the major political powers, state in which all decisions are made by national government, power is distributed among states within a nation, a state in which distance from the center to any boundary doesn't vary signifigantly, a state that completely surrounds another, a state that disontiuious pieces of territory, an other wise compact state with a large projecting extension, a nation that transcends the borders of 2 or more states, an area with a singular cultural group that is not incorporated into the government in that state, strong feelings of nationality can lead to separatism, belief in creating alliances and organizations that transcend national borders (usually for economic/political/military gain), an international agreement on the trade of goods and services. military uses a 5 percent/year expected rate of return and a 24-year life for decisions of this type. \text { D } \\ c. Which structure should be recommended? \\ We know what kinds of students colleges want to admit. \text { Safeway } \\ Section I: Multiple Choice. Internal boundaries can be found in a variety of contexts, including geographic regions, political divisions, and organizational structures. The debate over the wearing of burqas and other Islamic veils in European countries, which has been driven in part by concerns about the integration of Muslim immigrants into secular Western cultures. 8.4 BOUNDARIES AND BOUNDARY DISPUTES by University System of Georgia is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. 97 \\ The process whereby regions within a state demand and gain political strength and growing autonomy at the expense of the central government. India has a large rural population and urban poor population who are dependent on burning wood for home heating and cooking. Students cultivate their understanding of human geography through data and geographic analyses as they explore topics like patterns and spatial organization, human impacts and interactions with their environment, and spatial processes and societal changes. Hang in there, and try to form mental connections to help yourself understand them (rather than just memorizing). Cultural and linguistic differences, which can arise from the long-term isolation of different groups of people from one another due to antecedent boundaries. Transportation-oriented development of new housing, industrial and retailing areas.
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