In the foot, your toes or heel might get red, swollen, and painful. Certain metabolic diseases, injuries and infections can cause the feet and ankles to become red and swollen. If you need to temporarily reduce lower body swelling, lying down with your legs above your heart for 15-30 minutes will help redirect fluid back toward your torso. Sometimes it is a sign of a major issue. Edema is often caused by poor circulation, leading the build-up of fluid in the lower extremities (especially the ankles and feet). In fact, for many women, A blue finger can be alarming. They are actually more like a combination, Vascular Literature Review September 15th, Vascular Literature Review September 6th. They appear as flat tan, brown or black spots most often on the face, hands, shoulders and arms. In some cases, prescription creams and procedures can remove them or make them less noticeable, according to the Mayo Clinic. Verywell Health's content is for informational and educational purposes only. This helps especially when you have fever also as one of the symptoms. It occurs as a result of a loss of the myelin sheath, which covers and protects nerve fibers. You need to be seen and evaluated as soon as possible. The study included 346 women and 206 men. Being overweight worsens the problem. Need better fitting shoes because of swelling feet. Catheter based interventions for pulmonary embolism is on the rise. These may be an early sign of skin cancer, including pigmented basal cell carcinoma and cutaneous melanoma. Older adults, people with fair skin and people who have spent lots of time in the sun are most prone to lentigo senilis, more commonly known as liver spots. Your toes curl and dig straight down into the floor or the soles of your shoes. Catherine Moyer, DPM, is a podiatrist experienced in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disorders of the foot and ankle. Its important to work with your doctor to identify and treat the underlying cause. Scaling skin is also called . Make an appointment with a health care provider as soon as you can. Nail changes and disorders among the elderly. pls help. Clubbed toes indicate underlying lung disease, heart disease, or even some digestive disorders. 7. To prevent it, avoid cutting your toenails too short or wearing tight shoes. Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. Less frequently, it can affect the arms and hands. You can use a mirror also. Advertising revenue supports our not-for-profit mission. Your doctor may also prescribe drugs to help with nerve pain. Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease fact sheet. Special creams called keratolytics help slough off the tough top layer. Small fiber neuropathy is a painful neuropathy that often results in painful burning in the feet. An underactive thyroid changes the balance of hormones in your body. Peripheral neuropathy may be an early sign of hypothyroidism, according to a 2016 study. All rights reserved. But in elderly patients some are more common than others. But never soak your foot. Various complications can arise, including peripheral neuropathy, symptoms of which include burning foot pain. Heart failure occurs when the heart weakens and thus doesnt pump blood as efficiently as it should. Fingertips, toes, palms of the hands and/or feet that appear blue-green. 14 Diabetic Foot Care Tips - Silverts.com, https://www.silverts.com/shop-by-need/swollen-feet. Osteoarthritis or a strained tendon or ligament can cause these growths, which are more common as you age, especially after age 60. When blood vessels get inflamed, they can bleed into the skin, causing a reddish-purple rash (purpura). Some cherry angiomas appear smooth and even with your skin, while others appear slightly raised. Thank you, {{form.email}}, for signing up. Well, red feet themselves are a symptom of several foot problems such as ulcers and sores. You may need a prescription ointment. Although stress commonly causes spotting, it isn't the only cause. You can also manage your communication preferences by updating your account at anytime. Tip: Dont smear cortisone creams on the rash. Youre Not Alone, Pesticide in Produce: See the Latest Dirty Dozen, Having A-Fib Might Raise Odds for Dementia, New Book: Take Control of Your Heart Disease Risk, MINOCA: The Heart Attack You Didnt See Coming, Health News and Information, Delivered to Your Inbox. This effect is especially pronounced when you stand or sit for long periods of time. Vasospasms, narrowing of the skin cause it. Bacteria when gets into the skin results in cellulitis, a common skin infection. related to AARP volunteering. Cold feet happen when your feet are at a lower temperature than the rest of your body. Please help me! One code per person. (CVI), which occurs when the valves in your blood vessels wear down, allowing the flow of blood to slow. Most clots in the leg veins or in the lungs clear over time. Foot osteoarthritis: Latest evidence and developments. Less elastic skin and weaker immunity can invite more fungal infections in seniors. If we combine this information with your protected A bad, long-lasting leg cramp. 216.444.5725 Appointments & Locations Request an Appointment Possible Causes Care and Treatment and potentially serious. Scaling skin is the loss of the outer layer of the epidermis in large, scale-like flakes. Treatment for purpura depends on the underlying condition causing it. Peripheral neuropathy fact sheet. Symptoms include pain in the front part of your foot or a feeling like youre walking on a rock or a marble. So, there is no one approach to preventing them. i am having an itch attack! Age and lowered blood supply can weaken the tendon. A stress fracture needs several weeks of rest to heal. There is no one reason for purple feet in elderly people. One of the most common foot and ankle symptoms in older people is edema, the medical term for the swelling of tissues. See additional information. Please return to AARP.org to learn more about other benefits. It works by reducing A swollen calf can be alarming. Your email address will not be published. Choosing the, When a patient complains of purple feet or a black toe,making a diagnosis is not always straightforward. Vitamin B12 deficiency is another example. having a history of vascular problems. If you suffer regularly from swollen feet, then you know that regular shoes are uncomfortable to wear and can even make the swelling worse. It can lead to widespread symptoms, including nerve damage. The skin condition can be mistaken for acne, other skin problems or natural ruddiness. You'll start receiving the latest news, benefits, events, and programs related to AARP's mission to empower people to choose how they live as they age. Your doctor may prescribe medicine to ease the swelling. Therapeutic chemicals used to kill cancer cells may have side effects, including peripheral neuropathy. Hammertoe is the abnormal bend in the joint of one or more of toes, typically caused by the wearing of narrow shoes or high heels that forces the toes deeper into the toe box. Some medications for treating certain conditions, like HIV or seizures, can also produce nerve damage. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our. Morton's Neuroma is a very common foot condition. 2017-2023 Silverts Adaptive LLC, Chatsworth, California VELCRO is a registered trademark of Velcro Industries B.V. Dr. Comfort is a registered trademark of Dr Comfort. Experts dont know exactly why it happens, but 43% of people with tarsal tunnel syndrome have had some injury or trauma, such as an ankle sprain. In fact, a recent study found 75.7 percent of adults 70 and older have at least one skin condition and 39.1 percent have at least three simultaneously requiring treatment either at home (43 percent) or by a physician (57 percent). This can lead to a sharp, shooting, or radiating pain in the foot, which may extend up the leg. Here we have reached the end. Curcumin and neurological diseases. Pedal edema can result from ibuprofen and naproxen use. Liver spots are harmless and dont need treatment. More importantly, you should be aware of the methods by which you can monitor your sugar level timely. CMT is an inherited nerve disease. Order more than $20 of shoes (or any other product) from Silverts and youll get free shipping on your U.S. order! Ice, padding, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen can help. This content does not have an English version. Men had higher proportions of fungal skin infections and women had more benign tumors. Our website is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. First of all, you should tell your doctor if you are experiencing swollen feet. This is a common problem. Youll notice an unusual shape, and you may have some pain when you move it, as well as corns and calluses from the toe rubbing against your shoe. Your doctor may look at your shoes and watch you walk to see if you have tight or ill-fitting shoes. Unless steps are taken to routinely stretch your Achilles tendon, you may be at greater risk of a tear or rupture if you overexert the tissues (such as by forceful jumping or running up the stairs). The tendency for cellulitis stems from several mechanisms. Its important to see your doctor about this type of pain. Is It (Finally) Time to Stop Calling COVID a Pandemic? Many elderly people struggle with swollen feet, particularly in the afternoon and evening. High blood sugar reduces the transmission of signals from the nerves. Wearing warm socks helps treat cold feet, as well as diagnosing and treating the underlying cause of your cold feet. But there are many reasons for calf and other leg pain when walking. This is because gravity pulls on the fluids as you go about your day, pulling them down into your lower body. Thats why we advise wearing shoes specifically made for swollen feet. For blocked arteries to cause these changes they need to be severely blocked. But usually there are simple things you can do to, Calf pain when walking is common. Tendons connect muscle to bone, and, if these are shortened due to water loss, you may end up with a more flat-footed gait since you will be less able to flex your ankle, midfoot, and toes. Purple feet when sitting may sound alarming. Leg pain at night is common. With time the spots or patches may become hard with a wartlike surface, and a small percentage can become skin cancer, according to the Mayo Clinic. You will be asked to register or log in. Take the first step in addressing hearing loss concerns by taking the National Hearing Test. Hi Ellen, we do have shoes and slippers designed for wider and swollen feet. Staying active maintains our health. Additionally, areas of wear and tear ( osteoarthritis) may develop in the joints between the bones. You're likely to develop foot problems over time as a result. And all these get affected in the same manner that causes red feet. Your doctor will first conduct a physical exam. Check out these best-sellers and special offers on books and newsletters from Mayo Clinic Press. It is important, however, for your doctor to distinguish between an age spot and other conditions such as lentigo maligna, a type of skin cancer. high blood pressure. Cascio MA, et al. Aging takes its toll on your feet as it does with the rest of your body. You might feel: More pain when you move, sneeze, or cough. In older people or people with diabetes, this can lead to a potentially serious infection known as cellulitis. It happens when cartilage, a flexible tissue that prevents friction, breaks down. Sometimes cold temperatures can cause the narrowing of blood vessels and lead to blue-tinged skin.. To learn more, please visit our, And no longer able to take care of herself , then , if family is unwilling to take care of her , will find a long term healthy care facility. Joint stiffness, discomfort, swelling, and pain are also common. Inflammation in the area where the long ligament connects to the heel bone can be the reason. Sometimes the reason is obvious from just talking and examining the patient. See your healthcare provider if you notice any changes in the color, texture, or shape of the lesions. Free Shipping, Discount Offers and Rewards Point Events. The good news is that the five most common conditions affecting people 70 and older don't necessarily need medical attention. Other Medical Conditions are common in elderly. This is a common problem. Educational text answers on HealthTap are not intended for individual diagnosis, treatment or prescription. Redness in feet can vary based on the following characteristics: The symptoms of coronavirus are not new to any of us. See your doctor if you have painful, burning feet. Early treatment can often improve symptoms. High blood sugar also weakens the blood vessel walls that carry oxygen and nutrients to the nerves. The treatment will depend on the intensity of the wound or the cause of redness. All that wear and tear or a previous injury can lead to osteoarthritis. Cold feet are a normal occurrence, especially if you live in cooler climates. Can my daughter take anything to lighten her period which is extremely heavy and lasts at least 7 days she also gets very swollen feet and they get extremely red, she is not overweight ? It can take months for athlete's foot to respond to treatment, and once exposed it's easy for the fungus to return. However, this is rare now as most people receive supplemental thiamine with their treatment. Conditions like diabetes and neuropathy increase with age. They can bleed if scratched, rubbed or cut open. Alpert, A. Podiatric issues in older adults. Exercising the calf muscles by running, walking or jumping will help strengthen your heart and lungs and improve circulation. Managing your blood sugar can help prevent nerve damage or slow its course. Most moles are harmless, but they can, on rare occasion, become cancerous. If its not treated, the infection can spread to your toenails. Edema is typically associated with conditions seen in older adults, such as: The obstruction of a blood vessel can lead to venous edema, typically affecting one leg. Peripheral cyanosis can affect anyone, regardless of age. Some adults get flat feet because of an injury or things like obesity, diabetes, and high blood pressure. Adults and children with peripheral cyanosis may experience the following symptoms: 1. Bunions grow slowly as the big toe angles inward. However, this isnt suitable if you have erythromelalgia, as it may damage your skin. If youre not moving around, then youre not getting your blood and lymph flowing. Some have called it the Flying Dutchman of medicine. Accessed Sept. 21, 2016. Hip, knee, and lower back pain are also common. If you have high arches or are overweight, you may be more prone to this problem. Chronic kidney disease: When the kidneys do not remove enough sodium and water from the body, the pressure in blood vessels can start to build up, leading to edema. information submitted for this request. Bone spurs, on the other hand, are growths at the edge of the bones of your foot, often at your heel, mid-foot, or big toe. You can connect with a primary care doctor in your area using the Healthline FindCare tool. What's New? These could be signs ofskin cancer, according to the Mayo Clinic. Lymphedema usually only affects one limb or side of the body, not both. Both kidney disease and liver disease, also known as cirrhosis, can sometimes lead to swelling as well. The mechanism is actually not very clear. Additional symptoms of peripheral neuropathy include: Its important to see your doctor if you notice any signs of neuropathy. But instead of just the middle joint, claw toes also affect the joints closest to the tips of your toes. Tight, narrow, shoes like high heels may worsen them. But that can be confusing. But there are also secondary causes for acrocyanosis. Another common cause of edema is congestive heart failure. But the color might come into visibility even after hours of the hit. Published in JAGS (Journal of the American Geriatrics Society), the study categorized the prevalence and types of skin ailments among 552 adults, ages 70 to 93, from the general population in Finland. receive communications related to AARP volunteering. http://www.uptodate.com/home. However, you should not move barefoot even when you are indoors. It happens when a waste product called uric acid collects as crystals, often in the big toe. This is because blood will pool in the feet. Merck Manual Professional Version. If you seek treatment for athletes foot, for example, it may clear up within a few weeks. That is why understanding the cause requires appropriate testing. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) plays a central role in atherosclerosis. Then, once the blood loses its oxygen, it can look blue or purple or even black. Theyll ask you when your symptoms occur and how long they last. When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. Its a progressive disease, meaning symptoms worsen over time. Gradually worsening Swelling occurs Along whole limb Around ankle or foot Around knee In both limbs In one limb Triggered or worsened by Activity or overuse Everyday activities Injury Movement Preceded by Inactivity or long periods of rest Sitting or standing still for long periods Relieved by When left unchecked, CVI can cause even more serious health problems, such as ulcers and phlebitis. If you buy through links on this page, we may earn a small commission Heres our process. With bunions, the bones are out of place. Or you can go for a cold compress also to reduce redness and irritation. The length of time a persons feet may burn depends on the cause and the treatment they receive. It can happen at any age, but its more common in older folks. An injury to the foot or ankle can cause redness and pain to occur. Injury. Get prescriptions or refills through a video chat, if the doctor feels the prescriptions are medically appropriate. Or your foot doctor may suggest another treatment like filler injections to replace the fat pad. Reasons After a pulmonary embolism, many patients are limited. []. (2022). If you suffer regularly from swollen feet, then you know that regular shoes are uncomfortable to wear and can even make the swelling worse. Some of the symptoms that accompany redness in the feet are: Red feet can appear due to several reasons. The skin disease is distinguished by a rough, scaly patch of skin that slowly develops from years of sun exposure on the face, lips, ears, back of hands, forearms, scalp and neck. Hope you ended up having a productive time reading the above article about blood sugar levels. It probably has something to do with the fact that we need normal nerves to control blood vessel tone. Symptoms include itchy feet, cracked, blistered or peeling skin between the toes, or redness and scaling on the soles. A bacterial infection anywhere on the skin is called cellulitis if it extends under the skin. Rest, icing, and medication can help fight the swelling. There is a problem with The plantar fascia is a long ligament that runs along the sole of your foot and supports your arch. includes swollen feet & hands which are beet red!? Fungus is hard to kill, so use your medication for as long as directed. Stepped on sewing needle found on carpet sun night. That basically means there is no underlying disease that is causing it. Sometimes it is a Do your feet turn purple after you sit? When you lie down at night, gravity directs all those fluids back to your core, slowly draining out of your legs and making them appear less swollen. When your skin comes across substances such as gasoline or detergents like soaps and bleach, it gets inflamed. Men may also get more brittle bones as they age. Acrocyanosis basically means (in Latin) blue extremity. To establish that the product manufacturers addressed safety and efficacy standards, we: We do the research so you can find trusted products for your health and wellness. However, purple skin can also indicate a problem with blood flow to the feet, which can be a sign of an underlying health condition . What is peripheral artery disease? Then, when blood loses its oxygen, it looks blue. Get instant access to discounts, programs, services, and the information you need to benefit every area of your life. Your doctor can treat it with special footwear, pain meds, and sometimes surgery. The plantar fascia is a thick ligament connecting your heel to the front of your foot. Order more sophisticated testing only if you have a specific suspicion or if there are complicating features. They may order imaging tests if tarsal tunnel syndrome is suspected. It causes a scaly, itchy rash that may be painful. Use diabetes-friendly footwear and socks. Medications that constrict blood vessels can result in purple feet. Accessed Sept. 20, 2016. Athlete's foot. In addition to toes and feet turning purple, you may have pain in your feet and lower legs when . 2005 - 2023 WebMD LLC, an Internet Brands company. Review/update the Bleeding into the skin happens when small blood vessels burst just below your skin's surface. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Leg swelling caused by the retention of fluid in leg tissues is known as peripheral edema. If you are looking for more information on this topic or on Diabetes treatment, Online Therapy, Hypertension, PCOS treatment, Weight Loss, and Physiotherapy, please visit mantracare.org or feel free to reach out to us at +91-9711118331 or email at [emailprotected]. It can hurt. This is especially true of the Achilles tendon which connects the calf muscle to the heel bone (calcaneus). Peripheral neuropathy fact sheet. We include products we think are useful for our readers. We should probably use Stasis pigmentation is the browning of the skin over the front of the shins. Gradual or sudden: The redness can occur within a second in case you get hit or you drop something on your feet. Diabetes can cause heart attack, blindness, kidney failure, nerve damage & many more complications. Palmar erythema is a skin condition that makes the palms of your hands turn red. This occurs due to certain substances. Henoch-Schonlein purpura (also known as IgA vasculitis) is a disorder that causes the small blood vessels in your skin, joints, intestines and kidneys to become inflamed and bleed. Top answers from doctors based on your search: Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. And the study found 25.6 percent of the adults had rosacea, a condition that causes redness and visible blood vessels on the face. Required fields are marked *. Both kidney disease and liver disease, also known as cirrhosis, can sometimes lead to swelling as well. I have swollen feet,ankles and calfs with red marks(not itchy) under the skin, they have been swollen for three weeks and water tabs did nothing ? Once you confirm that subscription, you will regularly This can affect sensation in various parts of the body, including the feet. AARP is a nonprofit, nonpartisan organization that empowers people to choose how they live as they age. By the time you reach your 50th birthday, your feet may have trekked 75,000 miles or more. If you can move them, try strengthening exercises like picking up a marble or piece of paper with your toes. While diuretics aka water pills can sometimes help relieve symptoms, they arent as effective as one might think because they dont address the underlying causes (i.e., insufficient circulation). Your feet also might tingle, feel numb, or have jabbing pain. In the next 24 hours, you will receive an email to confirm your subscription to receive emails Or call 877-989-9110 24 hours a day, 7 days a week Follow UFAI and learn: All Heel Conditions All Tendon Conditions All Toe Conditions Achilles Tendon Injuries Ankle Arthritis Bunions Bursitis Chronic Ankle Instability Cysts Diabetic Foot Conditions Fractures & Breaks Hammertoe Metatarsalgia Morton's Neuroma Neuroma & Nerve Pain Treatments are limited. According to the . In: Adams & Victor's Principles of Neurology. Redness in feet can vary based on the following characteristics: Gradual or sudden: The redness can occur within a second in case you get hit or you drop something on your feet. Hammertoes are prone to calluses and corns. Small fluid-filled sacs, called bursae, help cushion your joints, bones, and tendons. Nerve damage has many different causes, including diabetes, chronic alcohol use, exposure to certain toxins, certain B vitamin deficiencies or HIV infection. 28 female. However, most causes of red feet are easily curable and can be easily treated at home, some of them might turn worse and need intense examinations and treatment from experts. Lymphedema is obviously primarily a Lymphedema results in swollen legs or in a swollen arm. Chair exercises are a fantastic option for seniors who have impaired, Valid for orders over $80 Make your tax-deductible gift and be a part of the cutting-edge research and care that's changing medicine. 2023 Dotdash Media, Inc. All rights reserved. https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/tarsal-tunnel-syndrome. This field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged. Typically, they are slightly elevated from the skin surface and appear as waxy brown, black or tan growths. For instance, knowing which medication to blame, or identifying a serious medical condition. To provide you with the most relevant and helpful information, and understand which While fatigue or a skin infection can cause temporarily burning or inflamed feet, burning feet are most often a sign of nerve damage (peripheral neuropathy). diabetes. Perhaps the most common cause for purple feet or purple toes in general is acrocyanosis. Cardiovascular disease, certain medications, and hormonal changes may cause swelling in both legs, referred to as bilateral peripheral edema. It is caused by different types of dermatophyte fungus and is commonly found in damp places such as showers or locker room floors. Leg swelling isn't always a sign of a heart or circulation problem. Other common causes of toenail changes include: A common skin condition affecting older adults is called seborrheic keratosis. These raised, flesh-toned lesions are often mistaken for warts and typically affect the top of the feet, toes, and ankles. Peripheral artery disease (PAD) involves a narrowing of the arteries that bring blood to the legs and feet. The most common cause of a burning feeling in your feet is nerve damage, often related to diabetes, but there are other possible causes. Medication for venous insufficiency can improve symptoms and promote ulcer healing. A giveaway is that your feet jut out, so most of your toes are visible from behind your leg. Osteoarthritis, also referred to as wear-and-tear arthritis, affects roughly 10% of men and 13% of women over 60. The ankle joint, subtalar joint, and the first metatarsophalangeal joint (big toe) are three joints commonly affected in the foot and ankle.. Common risk factors for foot osteoarthritis include. Just because youre wheelchair user or have limited mobility, it doesnt mean that you cant exercise. (2022). Talk to your doctor if you notice any changes in appearance, according to Mount Sinai Health System. Also known as senile angiomas or Campbell de Morgan spots, they are fairly common skin growths that vary in size from a pinhead to a quarter inch in diameter, and usually show up after age 30. Some causes are urgent, and potentially dangerous. Claw toes grow stiffer with age. In this quick guide, we explain why seniors often have swollen feet and then offer several different ideas for managing lower body swelling. 1) daizuoxin / Science Source, 2)Mark Miller/ Medical Images, 3) Sokolenko / Science Source, 4)JOHN BAVOSI / Getty Images, 5)Adam88xx / Science Source, 6)ISM / ATHENAIS / Science Source, 7)KVLADIMIRV / Getty Images, 8)Science Stock Photography / Science Source, 9)Roberto A. Penne-Casanova / Science Source, 10)Lea Paterson / Science Source, 11)NaiyanaDonraman / Getty Images, 12)Larry Landolfi / Science Source, 13) Dr P. Marazzi / Science Source, 14) Dr P. Marazzi / Science Source, 15) Princess Margaret Rose Orthopaedic Hospital / Science Source, 16) Living Art Enterprises / Science Source, 17) Dr P. Marazzi / Science Source, American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons: Stress Fractures, Morton's Neuroma, Achilles Tendinitis, Osteoarthritis, Plantar Fasciitis and Bone Spurs., American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons: Hammertoe, Is Your Foot Fracture an Early Sign of Osteoporosis? Morton's Neuroma (Intermetatarsal Neuroma), Achilles Tendon Disorders, Bursitis, Bunions., Arthritis Foundation: Osteoporosis Treatment, What is Gout? What is Osteoarthritis? Osteoarthritis Causes, Arthritis & Diseases that Affect the Foot., American Family Physician: Common Conditions of the Achilles Tendon., American Podiatric Medical Association: Tendinitis., Cleveland Clinic: Hammertoes, Stress Fractures, Bone Spurs., Evolutionary Medicine and Public Health: Evolutionary Medicine: Why do humans get bunions?, Harvard Health Publishing: Why your feet get bigger as you age, Are you at risk for gout?, Health In Aging Foundation: Foot Problems., Hospital for Special Surgery: Gout: Risk Factors, Diagnosis and Treatment., InformedHealth.org: Bunions: Overview., Institute for Preventive Foot Health: Bursitis., International Orthopaedics: Stress fractures in elderly patients., International Osteoporosis Foundation: Treating Osteoporosis., Mayo Clinic: Hammertoe and mallet toe, Osteoporosis treatment: Medications can help, Gout, Peripheral neuropathy, Achilles tendinitis, Arthritis, Plantar fasciitis., National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke: Peripheral Neuropathy Fact Sheet., Orthopaedic Pathology (Fifth Edition), 2010: Morton's Neuroma., PM&R: Risk Factors for Plantar Fasciitis Among Assembly Plant Workers., UCLA Health: Coping with the changes your feet undergo as you age., University of Rochester Medical Center: Understanding Bone Spurs..
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