Under subjects, there are headings such as Negroes, Reconstruction, Ku Klux Klan, and Tunis CampbellBlack Legislator. These records contain both secondary and primary material. Hanover, Wake, Warren and Wayne. All males between the ages of 21 and 60 had to pay a poll tax or head tax. National Archives and Records Administration in Washington, D.C. for such named slaves, did not notice any such information while doing this transcription, except changes to County boundaries, such as the taking of part of Franklin County in 1881 for African American Library Directors in the USAAfrican American Women Veterans in and from KentuckyComplete A-Z List or List of SourcesKentucky Places or Kentucky Counties. Plantation names were not shown on the census. This transcription lists the names of those largest slaveholders in the County (actually shown as "District" on In 1862, during the Civil War, President Abraham Cookie Policy U.S. Though the census schedules speak in terms of "slave owners", the transcriber has chosen to use the Thanks so much for joining us. Steven Deyle has written a recent history of the domestic slave trade in Carry Me Back: The Domestic Slave Trade in American Life (New York: Oxford University Press, 2005); the figures cited above are from page 289. TERMINOLOGY. Though the census schedules speak in terms of slave owners, the As for slaves listed in the 1850 Slave Schedules, the vast majority were not listed by name but rather numbered by age, sex, and color [Black or Mulatto] from the oldest to the youngest, all under the name of the slave owner. Therefore, records not specifically labeled or segregated by race can be pertinent for research . Thos., 42 slaves, Harris page 206, DAVIS, Isaac, 26 slaves, Harris page 213B, DAVIS, John G., 66 slaves, Harris page 219, DAVIS, Wm. WebFederal Slave Census Schedules, 18501860 Exist for Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, Missouri, New Jersey (1850 only), North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Utah Territory, and Records of Slave Trials, 1800-1850: Available for 6 counties: Baldwin, Hancock, Jones, Lincoln, Putnam, Screven (plus Trials of Free Persons of Color), Taliaferro (only Trials of Free Persons of Color). Virginias freed slaves sought education for themselves and their children at the earliest opportunity. This website requires a paid subscription for full access. To learn more about this course or other courses available from the Institute, see our website. B. Uzzle? Negroeswas about 1.7 times more than what the colored population had been 100 years U.S. Department of the Navy: Correspondence of the Secretary of the Navy Relating to African Colonization, 1819-1844. By the 1870 census, the white population had increased 9% to But some of these questions can only be answered quantitatively. By the 1870 It's just a steady drumbeat of violent oppression. 15,653 whites, 173 "free colored" and 24,060 slaves. Are you interested in testing our business solutions? slaveholders with 1870 African Americans is intended merely as suggesting another possibility for these larger slaveholders, the data seems to show in general not many freed slaves in 1870 were using the surname of their Georgia Archives File II Counties, Subjects, and Name,s RG 4-2-46. This is the first significant uprising of African slaves. Available for 11 counties: Camden, Columbia, Elbert, Franklin, Jackson, Morgan, Oglethorpe, Pulaski, Richmond, Warren, and Wilkes. Show publisher information But the children could, and so it was the first generation of children that became literate. County, South Carolina census for 1860 and not know whether that person was also listed as a slaveholder on the slave Slavery spread rather than grew because it was an agricultural rather than industrial form of capitalism, so it needed new lands. A striking way to see the importance of slavery is to look at a map of the total free population: a photo negative, if you will, of slavery. Owner Louisburg NC, Jesse Perry overseer,59 slaves, Galloway page acres or more, the largest size category enumerated in the census, and another 1,184 farms of In 15 counties there was a total of 92 owners of 20 or more enslaved people. "Estimated number of African slaves who were taken from various regions* of Africa during the transatlantic slave trade in each century from 1501 to 1866." N. By his overseer, 108 slaves, Harris page 218, BRANCH, Wm. detailed, searchable and highly recommended database that can found at http://fisher.lib.virginia.edu/census/ . M160. Due to variable film quality, handwriting The slave population had a different dynamic. Learn more. (127%); and Kansas up from 265 to 17,000 (6,400%). SURNAME MATCHES AMONG AFRICAN AMERICANS ON 1870 CENSUS: (exact surname spellings only are reported, no spelling variations or soundex), SURNAME, # in US, in State, in County, born in State, born and living in State, born in State 1870s-1900s, General Assembly (RG 37) Summary Committee Reports, RG 37-8-35 [Example: Report of the American Negro Study Committee, 1970]. The sugar plantations were among the contemporary worlds largest and most profitable enterprises, paying about 10 percent on invested capital and on some occasions, such as in Barbados in the 1650s, as much as 40 to 50 percent. pages without a stamped number. 1522: A major slave rebellion breaks out on the island of Hispaniola. These records include private, business, and school records. Initially, however, the English relied for their dependent labour primarily on indentured servants from the mother country. of justice and legality of claims of ownership need not be addressed in this transcription. the 1870 census and they may have still been living in the same State or County. It is easiest if your ancestor was over twenty years old in the 1900 federal census. been counted in each County. 24,000 between 1860 and 1870, so possibly that is where some went, even though the overall colored population in South Carolina remained about the same in 1870 as it was in 1860. The census itself only constitutes indirect evidence. P., 45 slaves, Harris page 208, WILLIAMSON, Tempie? here. Other trial records may be integrated in the regular Superior Court minutes of other counties. WebThe 1870 population census was the Ninth Decennial Census of the United States. not realize that ancestor was also listed as a slaveholder on the slave schedules, because published Bight of Biafra: Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Nigeria Surname matching of Willie?, 70 slaves, Harris page 202, PERSON, Antny A., 28 slaves, Harris page 215B, PERSON, Presley C., 24 slaves, Franklinton page 182, PERSON, Thos. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'historyguy_com-medrectangle-4','ezslot_2',340,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-historyguy_com-medrectangle-4-0'); The percentage of Southern families that possessed slaves was 30% in 1860. (Georgia Archives Microfilm #91/72). The best-known slave societies were those of the circum-Caribbean world. At a glance, the viewer could see the large-scale patterns of the economic system that kept nearly 4 million people in bondage: slavery was concentrated along the Chesapeake Bay and in eastern Virginia; along the South Carolina and Georgia coasts; in a crescent of lands in Georgia, Alabama and Mississippi; and most of all, in the Mississippi River Valley. The unceasing spread of slavery provoked political crises, eventually leading to the Civil War. This is a very important distinction, for you cannot assume these relationships without additional evidence. If this is the case, you can use the same method as with the previous censuses to locate your ancestors in 1880. Published information giving names of slaveholders and numbers of slaves held is PLANTATION NAMES. These include: The same methods for locating your family in the twentieth century census records will help you locate your family in the 1880 census. About Us | Contact Us | Copyright | Report Inappropriate Material All rights reserved. An States that saw census, the white population had increased about 2.5% to 6,633, while the colored population SOURCES. Web15,653 whites, 173 "free colored" and 24,060 slaves. Check the microfilm card catalog under Executive Dept. Tobacco initially was the profitable crop that occupied most slaves in the Chesapeake. The Coast Survey map of slavery was one of many maps drawn from data produced in 19th-century America. Two new counties have been ELLIOTT: That's economic historian Susan Carter. at the time of the 1870 census and they may have still been living in the same State or County. You only have access to basic statistics. interpretation questions and inconsistent counting and page numbering methods used by the census enumerators, interested ", 2023 Smithsonian Magazine Business Solutions including all features. But what the statistics allow us to do is see how widespread it was. Chart. Privacy Policy. 1870 U.S. Census - Calvin Kelly household - Enlarged 1870 U.S. Census, Navarro County, Texas, population schedule, Beat 1, Corsicana post office, page 1, dwelling 3, family 3, Calvin Kelly household; digital images, Ancestry.com; citing NARA microfilm publication M593, FS Library Film roll 1600. Due to variable film quality, handwriting interpretation questions and inconsistent counting but no locality was shown for the holders on the other pages. WebThe 1860 U.S. Census counted 3,605 slave owners in West Virginia. Many of these that date prior to 1900 are available on FamilySearch.org. And they went back and they literally read every newspaper in a chosen southern state, and said we're going to record every instance of lynchings that are reported in these newspapers, and then they marched state by state by state. It is the first census to name all former slaves. Initially the islands often were settled as well by numerous indentured labourers and other Europeans, but following the triumph after 1645 of the sugar revolution (initially undertaken because superior Virginia What did you find? Cemeteries and Churches: The Archives has a variety of church records available in original format and on microfilm. The Civil War resulted in the loss of about 600,000 lives. Slave Importation Registers, 1800-1845, and Lists of Slaves: Affidavits of persons bringing slaves into the state, and lists or registers of slaves and slave owners. If your ancestor does not appear in the 1850 or 1860 censuses, it is quite likely that he or she was enslaved during this time.Only by researching the owners records will you be able to locate information on your ancestor. In 1830 there were two African American slave holders. These owners accounted for 33% of the total number of enslaved people. ELLIOTT: You'll hear more about statistics that tell the story of America as we continue this conversation over the coming months. Abraham Lincoln consulted it throughout the Civil War. Cotton could be grown profitably on smaller plots than could sugar, with the result that in 1860 the average cotton plantation had only about 35 slaves, not all of whom produced cotton. Taken every 10 years since 1790, census records provide a snapshot of the nation's population. You should check the state archives or historical societies for the availability of these alternate records in the counties and states in which you are researching. Available for 21 counties: Appling, Baldwin, Camden, Chatham, Clarke, Columbia, Elbert, Emanuel, Hancock, Jefferson, Jones, Liberty, Lincoln, Lumpkin, Morgan, Pulaski, Richmond, Screven, Taliaferro, Thomas, Warren, and Wilkes. WebThe 1860 U.S. Census was the last U.S. census showing slaves and slaveholders. One of the fundamental problems of history is scale: how can historians move between understanding the past in terms of a single life and in the lives of millions; within a city and at the bounds of continents; over a period of days and over the span of centuries? State Records Executive Department (RG 1) Governors Letter Books, 1786-1897, RG 1-1-1: Among other subjects, these books indicate problems with the illegal importation of slaves and runaway slaves. census. Alphabetically arranged within each section. Profit from the additional features of your individual account. Far fewer finding aids for these records have been created, causing access problems even when the records themselves survive. Particularly in the case of Army. Decd., E. Searls Admr. Check the County Records Microfilm Index available in the Archives Search Room or on our website in the Virtual Vault for more information. If you find your ancestor by name in both census years, identified as a free African American, you are quite likely to be able to locate additional county records to provide more information. Slaves were of varying importance in Mesoamerica and on the South American continent. Check the County Records Microfilm Catalog under the name of the county. on this list is beyond the scope of this transcription. Census: Slave Schedules, Black or Mulatto, Colored, Notable Kentucky African Americans Database, accessed May 1, 2023, https://nkaa.uky.edu/nkaa/items/show/2369. As Abraham Lincoln put it in is 1858 "House Divided" speech: "Either the opponents of slavery, will arrest the further spread of it, and place it where the public mind shall rest in the belief that it is in the course of ultimate extinction; or its advocates will push it forward, till it shall become alike lawful in all the States, old as well as new, North as well as South.". Nor can these maps express anything of the pain of the whip or the escape to freedom, of the exhaustion of labor or the sounds of preaching and shouting at a religious gathering: for that one must read any of scores of excellent histories. purposes. almost non-existent. In comparing census data for different years, the transcriber did not consider any If an African 1522. WebThe last column shows the what percentage of the total U.S. population were enslaved. Slaves were enumerated in 1860 without giving their names, only their sex and age Following the holder Learn more about how Statista can support your business. [Example: In Lester Maddoxs files, there are such subject headings as Augusta Riot, 1967-70, Black Panthers and School Desegregation.]. H., 49 slaves, Harris page 217B, YARBROUGH, J. S., 83 slaves, Franklinton page 184, YARBROUGH, James H. Owner, James W.? Census data census, the white population had increased about 2.5% to 6,633, while the colored population Sutch and Carter tell Debbie Elliott what numbers reveal about literacy among freed slaves and the frequency of lynchings in the South. The final circum-Caribbean slave society was what became the southern United States. BEASELEY, T. P. Agent, 65 slaves, page 381B, BONES, Jno. further research by those seeking to make connections between slaves and holders.